Chapter 10: Global Inequality

Question 1

absolute poverty

Answer 1

the state where one is barely able, or unable, to afford basic necessities

Question 2

capital flight

Answer 2

the movement (flight) of capital from one nation to another, via jobs and resources

Question 3

chattel slavery

Answer 3

a form of slavery in which one person owns another

Question 4

core nations

Answer 4

dominant capitalist countries

Question 5

debt accumulation

Answer 5

the buildup of external debt, wherein countries borrow money from other nations to fund their expansion or growth goals

Question 6

debt bondage

Answer 6

when people pledge themselves as servants in exchange for money for passage, and are subsequently paid too little to regain their freedom

Question 7

deindustrialization

Answer 7

the loss of industrial production, usually to peripheral and semi-peripheral nations where the costs are lower

Question 8

dependency theory

Answer 8

theory which states that global inequity is due to the exploitation of peripheral and semi-peripheral nations by core nations

Question 9

first world

Answer 9

a term from the Cold War era that is used to describe industrialized capitalist democracies

Question 10

fourth world

Answer 10

a term that describes stigmatized minority groups who have no voice or representation on the world stage

Question 11

global feminization

Answer 11

a pattern that occurs when women bear a disproportionate percentage of the burden of poverty

Question 12

global inequality

Answer 12

the concentration of resources in core nations and in the hands of a wealthy minority

Question 13

global stratification

Answer 13

the unequal distribution of resources between countries

Question 14

gross national income (GNI)

Answer 14

the income of a nation calculated based on goods and services produced, plus income earned by citizens and corporations headquartered in that country

Question 15

modernization theory

Answer 15

a theory that low-income countries can improve their global economic standing by industrialization of infrastructure and a shift in cultural attitudes towards work

Question 16

peripheral nations

Answer 16

nations on the fringes of the global economy, dominated by core nations, with very little industrialization

Question 17

relative poverty

Answer 17

the state of poverty where one is unable to live the lifestyle of the average person in the country

Question 18

second world

Answer 18

a term from the Cold War era that describes nations with moderate economies and standards of living

Question 19

semi-peripheral nations

Answer 19

in-between nations, not powerful enough to dictate policy but acting as a major source of raw materials and an expanding middle class marketplace

Question 20

subjective poverty

Answer 20

a state of poverty composed of many dimensions, subjectively present when one’s actual income does not meet one’s expectations

Question 21

third world

Answer 21

a term from the Cold War era that refers to poor, unindustrialized countries

Question 22

underground economy

Answer 22

an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections