Chapter 03: Culture

Question 1

beliefs

Answer 1

tenets or convictions that people hold to be true

Question 2

countercultures

Answer 2

groups that reject and oppose society’s widely accepted cultural patterns

Question 3

cultural imperialism

Answer 3

the deliberate imposition of one’s own cultural values on another culture

Question 4

cultural relativism

Answer 4

the practice of assessing a culture by its own standards, and not in comparison to another culture

Question 5

cultural universals

Answer 5

patterns or traits that are globally common to all societies

Question 6

culture lag

Answer 6

the gap of time between the introduction of material culture and nonmaterial culture’s
acceptance of it

Question 7

culture shock

Answer 7

an experience of personal disorientation when confronted with an unfamiliar way of life

Question 8

culture

Answer 8

shared beliefs, values, and practices

Question 9

diffusion

Answer 9

the spread of material and nonmaterial culture from one culture to another

Question 10

discoveries

Answer 10

things and ideas found from what already exists

Question 11

ethnocentrism

Answer 11

to evaluate another culture according to the standards of one’s own culture

Question 12

folkways

Answer 12

direct appropriate behavior in the day-to-day practices and expressions of a culture

Question 13

formal norms

Answer 13

established, written rules

Question 14

globalization

Answer 14

the integration of international trade and finance markets

Question 15

high culture

Answer 15

the cultural patterns of a society’s elite

Question 16

ideal culture

Answer 16

consists of the standards a society would like to embrace and live up to

Question 17

informal norms

Answer 17

casual behaviors that are generally and widely conformed to

Question 18

innovations

Answer 18

new objects or ideas introduced to culture for the first time

Question 19

inventions

Answer 19

a combination of pieces of existing reality into new forms

Question 20

language

Answer 20

a symbolic system of communication

Question 21

material culture

Answer 21

the objects or belongings of a group of people

Question 22

mores

Answer 22

the moral views and principles of a group

Question 23

nonmaterial culture

Answer 23

the ideas, attitudes, and beliefs of a group of people or society

Question 24

norms

Answer 24

the visible and invisible rules of conduct through which societies are structured

Question 25

popular culture

Answer 25

mainstream, widespread patterns among a society’s population

Question 26

real culture

Answer 26

the way society really is based on what actually occurs and exists

Question 27

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis

Answer 27

people understand the world based on their form of language

Question 28

sanctions

Answer 28

a way to authorize or formally disapprove of certain behaviors

Question 29

social control

Answer 29

a way to encourage conformity to cultural norms

Question 30

society

Answer 30

people who live in a definable community and who share a culture

Question 31

subcultures

Answer 31

groups that share a specific identification, apart from a society’s majority, even as the
members exist within a larger society

Question 32

symbols

Answer 32

gestures or objects that have meanings associated with them that are recognized by
people who share a culture

Question 33

values

Answer 33

a culture’s standard for discerning what is good and just in society

Question 34

xenocentrism

Answer 34

a belief that another culture is superior to one’s own