Chapter 06: Groups and Organization Flashcards

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1
Q

aggregate

A

a collection of people who exist in the same place at the same time, but who don’t
interact or share a sense of identity

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2
Q

authoritarian leader

A

a leader who issues orders and assigns tasks

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3
Q

bureaucracies

A

are formal organizations characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division
of labor, explicit rules, and impersonality

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4
Q

category

A

people who share similar characteristics but who are not connected in any way

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5
Q

clear division of labor

A

refers to the fact that each individual in a bureaucracy has a specialized task to perform

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6
Q

coercive organizations

A

are organizations that people do not voluntarily join, such as prison or a mental hospital

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7
Q

conformity

A

the extent to which an individual complies with group or societal norms

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8
Q

democratic leader

A

a leader who encourages group participation and consensus-building before
moving into action

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9
Q

dyad

A

a two-member group

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10
Q

explicit rules

A

the types of rules in a bureaucracy; rules that are outlined, recorded, and
standardized

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11
Q

expressive function

A

a group function that serves an emotional need

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12
Q

expressive leader

A

a leader who is concerned with process and with ensuring everyone’s emotional wellbeing

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13
Q

formal organizations

A

large, impersonal organizations

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14
Q

generalizability

A

the amount that information from a specific example can be generalized to apply to the overall population

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15
Q

group

A

any collection of at least two people who interact with some frequency and who share some
sense of aligned identity

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16
Q

hierarchy of authority

A

a clear chain of command found in a bureaucracy

17
Q

Iron Rule of Oligarchy

A

the theory that an organization is ruled by a few elites rather than through collaboration

18
Q

impersonality

A

the removal of personal feelings from a professional situation

19
Q

in-group

A

a group a person belongs to and feels is an integral part of his identity

20
Q

instrumental function

A

being oriented toward a task or goal

21
Q

instrumental leader

A

a leader who is goal oriented with a primary focus on accomplishing tasks

22
Q

laissez-faire leader

A

a hands-off leader who allows members of the group to make their own decisions

23
Q

leadership function

A

the main focus or goal of a leader

24
Q

leadership style

A

the style a leader uses to achieve goals or elicit action from group members

25
Q

McDonaldization

A

the increasing presence of the fast food business model in common social institutions

26
Q

meritocracy

A

a bureaucracy where membership and advancement is based on merit—proven and
documented skills

27
Q

normative or voluntary organizations

A

organizations that people join to pursue shared interests

or because they provide some intangible rewards

28
Q

out-group

A

a group that an individual is not a member of, and may even compete with

29
Q

primary groups

A

small, informal groups of people who are closest to us

30
Q

reference groups

A

groups to which an individual compares herself

31
Q

secondary groups

A

larger and more impersonal groups that are task-focused and time limited

32
Q

total institution

A

an organization in which participants live a controlled lifestyle and in which total
resocialization occurs

33
Q

triad

A

a three-member group

34
Q

utilitarian organizations

A

organizations that are joined to fill a specific material need