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Social Studies - 8th Grade Blessed Sacrament > Chapter 21 - Progressive Reforms > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Progressive Reforms Flashcards

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1
Q

What was a machine representative that controlled certain jobs?

A

Political Bosses

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2
Q

What is an arrangement in which contractors padded the amount of the bill for city work and paid or “kicked back” a percentage of that amount to the bosses?

A

Kickbacks

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3
Q

What were political machines and how did their representatives stay in power?

A

They were powerful organizations linked to political parties that controlled districts or wards of cities. Political bosses stayed in power by doing favors for the people, giving people jobs if they voted for them, and accepting bribes like kickbacks. The political bosses were corrupted people.

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4
Q

Who is the most famous corrupted political boss?

A

Boss Tweed

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5
Q

Where did Boss Tweed hold his office?

A

Tamay Hall

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6
Q

What were some of the groups Boss Tweed controlled?

A

the courts, the police, and some newspapers

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7
Q

What political cartoonist exposed Tweed’s corruption?

A

Thomas Nast

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8
Q

What newspaper held all of Nast’s cartoons?

A

Harper’s Weekly

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9
Q

What happened to Tweed when he was getting ready to go to jail?

A

He went to Spain and thought he was safe until some Spanish officials discovered him and placed him in jail.

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10
Q

What two animals did Thomas Nast come up with to symbolize the Democrats and the Republicans?

A

donkey and elephants

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11
Q

What railroad monopoly for,Ed by J.P. Morgan and James J. Hill was the first to be target by Theodore Roosevelt in a fight against monopolies that went against the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

A

Northern Securities

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12
Q

What is settling a dispute by agreeing to let an impartial third party step in?

A

arbitration

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13
Q

What law passed required railroad companies to charge reasonable prices for all?

A

Interstate Commerce Act

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14
Q

What law that came after the Interstate Commerce Act that supervised the railroad and the trucking industries?

A

Interstate Commerce Commission

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15
Q

What two laws passed ended the Spoils System?

A

Pendleton Act and Civil Service Commission

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16
Q

What year was women’s suffrage first heard of?

A

1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention

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17
Q

What year did women’s suffrage come back after 1848?

A

1890

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18
Q

Which two women were in charge of the National Women’s Suffrage Association?

A

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Susan B. Anthony

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19
Q

Who lead the National American Woman Suffrage Association?

A

Anna Howard Shaw - minister

Carrie Chapman Catt - newspaper editor

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20
Q

What did the opposition say about women getting the vote?

A

They said the natural balance would shift, divorce would happen, and the children would be neglected.

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21
Q

What president refused to help the suffragettes?

A

Woodrow Wilson

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22
Q

Which was the first state to let women vote in at least state elections?

A

Wyoming

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23
Q

What year did women get to vote? What was the name of the constitutional amendment?

A

1919

19th Amendment

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24
Q

In 1903 what trade union was formed by women?

A

Women’s Trade Union League

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25
Q

What Union, not unlike the Anti-Saloon League, supported prohibition?

A

Women’s Christian Temperance Union

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26
Q

In 1879, who became the leader of WCTU and spoke out about alcohol and the damage it can do?

A

Frances Willard

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27
Q

Who was the prohibition supporter who would go into saloons and smash kegs and bottles with her axe?

A

Carry Nation

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28
Q

What was the Amendment that ratified prohibition in the U.S.?

A

18th or Prohibition Law

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29
Q

Who were the two owners of the Northern Securities Company that Roosevelt sued in 1904?

A

J.P. Morgan

James J. Hill

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30
Q

Who ruled that Northern Securities had illegally limited trade and busted it up?

A

Supreme Court

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31
Q

What did Roosevelt do that was a first for president and what nickname did he obtain?

A

the first time a president stepped in and broke up a trust

Trustbuster

32
Q

What was going on in 1902 with the United Mine Workers? (Essay)

A

a coal strike

33
Q

What did the United Mine Workers want? (Essay)

A

better pay, 8 hour day, and recognition

34
Q

What did the owners of the mines do when the UMW presented their wants? (Essay)

A

They refused

35
Q

Why was there a crisis? (Essay)

A

The strike was still going on and winter was coming. Most people heated up their homes with coal.

36
Q

What did President Roosevelt do about the crisis? (Essay)

A

He was going to send in federal troops to mine the coal.

37
Q

What did the owners finally agree to and what was the outcome? (Essay)

A

They agreed to arbitration.

The mine workers gained a pay raise and fewer hours of work but no recognition.

38
Q

What was the name of Roosevelt’s plan?

A

Square Deal

39
Q

What is the French term that means “let the people do as they choose”.

A

Laissez-faire

40
Q

What two laws did Roosevelt support which helped with public health?

A

Meat Inspection Act

Pure Food and Drug Act

41
Q

What commission did Roosevlet push through Congress which made sure everyone got fair deals?

A

ICC

Interstate Commerce Commission

42
Q

What was the term for the protection and preservation of natural resources which was something Roosevelt supported actively?

A

Conservation

43
Q

What service was in charge of conservation?

A

U.S. Forest Service

44
Q

Which amendment gave Congress the right to tax people’s incomes?

A

16th

45
Q

What is a tariff?

A

a tax on imported goods

46
Q

What was the name of Roosevelt’s third party?

A

Bull Moose Party

47
Q

Which Democrat won the election of 1912?

A

Woodrow Wilson

48
Q

What was the name of Wilson’s plan?

A

New Freedom

49
Q

What act was passed to regulate banking?

A

Federal Reserve Act

50
Q

What commission was created to investigate unfair trade practices?

A

Federal Trade Commission

51
Q

Which act joined the Sherman-Antitrust Act and made it stronger?

A

Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914

52
Q

In what state capital did a white woman lie about being attacked by a black man and caused an extremely violent riot by white people?

A

Springfield, Illinois

53
Q

What organization was formed against Catholics that started in Iowa?

A

American Protective Association

54
Q

What was common for violent mobs to do?

A

Lynch

55
Q

What was it called to be against Jews?

A

Anti-Semitism

56
Q

What service did Roosevelt propose in 1905 to help conservation?

A

United State Forest Service

57
Q

What was the name of an Apache who was raised by whites and worked for the United States Indian Service after graduating from medical school, and later used activism to expose the governments abuse of Native Americans?

A

Dr. Carlos Montezuma

58
Q

What case, in 1896, recognized “separate but equal” facilities for whites and blacks?

A

Plessy v. Ferguson

59
Q

Who founded the National Negro Business League and believed that if African Americans had more economic power, they would be in a better position to demand social equality and civil rights, and also founded Tuskegee Institute?

A

Booker T. Washington

60
Q

Who was elected as president in 1912 and called his plan “New Freedom”? Later on, in 1917, he also met with Alice Paul about woman suffrage but refused to give support.

A

Woodrow Wilson

61
Q

Who was elected as president in 1908 after being President Roosevelt’s secretary of war and failed in tariffs and conservation?

A

William Howard Taft

62
Q

What agreement between America and Japan restricted Japanese immigration but failed to stop the racism?

A

The Gentlemen’s Agreement

63
Q

Who wrote the 1894 book, The Red Record, which showed Americans that lynching was used primarily against African Americans who had become prosperous or were beginning to compete with white business, after she was forced to leave Memphis, Tennessee because she published the names of those involved in a lynching?

A

Ida Wells

64
Q

Who founded the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and spoke out against the unfairness of segregation?

A

W.E.B. DuBois

65
Q

What were Mexican neighborhoods where groups of Mexican Americans worked together to deal with overcrowding, poor sanitation, and inadequate public service?

A

Barrios

66
Q

Who was the Italian nun that came over to America to help the immigrants?

A

Mother Cabrini

67
Q

What was the name of the female Quaker who founded the National Women’s Party in 1916 and who met with Woodrow Wilson to try to gain favor for woman suffrage? Later she used protest marches and hunger strikes which she got from Great Britain.

A

Alice Paul

68
Q

What did the muckraker Lincoln Steffens, who reported for Mcclure’s Magazine, expose?

A

corrupt machine politics in New York, Chicago and other cities
his articles were collected in the book, The Shame of the Cities

69
Q

What did the muckraker Ida Tarbell, who wrote for McClure’s Magazine, expose?

A

the unfair practices of the oil trust
her articles led to pressure for government control over business
her book was called, The History of the Standard Oil Company

70
Q

What did the muckraker Upton Sinclair, who wrote a book called The Jungle, expose?

A

the horrible conditions of the meat-packing industry in Chicago
his book persuaded Congress to pass the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act

71
Q

What is it called when the people vote someone out of office?

A

recall

72
Q

What is it called when the government gives the people the right to vote on ideas?

A

initiative

73
Q

What is it called to vote on an initiative?

A

referendum

74
Q

What are recalls, initiatives, and referendums called when together?

A

Oregon System

75
Q

Who started the National Association of a colored Women?

A

Marcy Church Terrell

76
Q

Who started the socialist movement and also wanted immediate equality for blacks?

A

Eugene V. Debs

77
Q

What were the two laws that helped the government fight against big business?

A

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Federal Trade Commission

Social Studies - 8th Grade Blessed Sacrament (5 decks)

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