Chapter 20 - Toward An Urban America

Question 1

What is an ethnic group?

Answer 1

-Minorities that spoke different languages or followed different customs from the rest of those in the country

Question 2

What is steerage?

Answer 2

-cramped noisy quarters on the lower decks

Question 3

Who was Emma Lazarus?

Answer 3

-an American poet who wrote the poem on the base of the Statue of Liberty

Question 4

What were the two main points of entry into America?

Answer 4

• Ellis Island in New York Harbor

- Angel Island in San Francisco Bay

Question 5

What does assimilate mean?

Answer 5

-become a part of the American culture

Question 6

What was the nativist movement?

Answer 6

-a movement against immigration in fear that immigrants will take jobs away from “natural born Americans”

Question 7

Describe the Chinese Exclusion Act?

Answer 7

-(1st in 1882, then in 1892, then in 1902) it prohibited the Chinese from entering America

Question 8

What was the Immigration Act of 1917?

Answer 8

-an act requiring immigrants to be able to read and write in some language

Question 9

Who were the newcomers?

Answer 9

-Greeks, Russians, Turks, Poles, Hungarians, Italians, Chinese, Japanese

Question 10

Describe in detail tenement life and slums.

Answer 10

A tenement was an apartment building in the poor, run-down areas of the cities. It had small, dimly lit rooms. 3, 4, or more people lived in each room and families had to share cold water taps and toilets. Not many tenement houses had hot water or baths.

Question 11

Describe in detail the period of history known as the Gilded Age.

Answer 11

The Gilded Age was time of extravagant parties and rotten tenement houses. Many families crowded into the small tenement rooms while the rich threw parties that cost up to $1.3 million in dollars today. The middle class lived in suburbs with indoor toilets and hot water unlike the families living in the slums. The rich lived in mansions.

Question 12

What were the contributions of Jacob Riis?

Answer 12

-wrote a book called How the Other Half Live. He also took pictures of tenements and slums.

Question 13

What were the contributions of Jane Addams?

Answer 13

-started a settlement house called the Hull House to give the youth things to do while also healing the sick, helping with the dead, and teaching the young

Question 14

What did these people do to improve city life?

Answer 14

They told those who were not aware of the poverty and illnesses about the life others lived and were able to gain donations and also helped clean up the city themselves.

Question 15

What was the “cathedral of commerce”?

Answer 15

-New York’s Woolworth Building

Question 16

What did Elisha Otis do?

Answer 16

-invented the safety elevator

Question 17

What did William LeBaron Jenney do?

Answer 17

-constructed the first skyscraper, a ten-story office building

Question 18

What did Louis Sullivan?

Answer 18

-gave style to skyscrapers

Question 19

What did Frederick Law Olmstead do?

Answer 19

-designed New York’s Central Park

Question 20

Describe the “new” methods of transportation and getting people to work faster.

Answer 20

In 1873 San Francisco began working on cable car lines, where a motor powers a long underground cable that moves passengers along. Richmond, Virginia, in 1888, obtained the first trolley cars. Soon subways came into use in 1897, Boston. Streets also changed into asphalt.

Question 21

What were John Dewey’s contributions to education?

Answer 21

-progressive education

Question 22

What was the Morrill Act?

Answer 22

-gave states large amounts of land to sell for money for colleges; called these colleges land-grant colleges

Question 23

Who was Booker T. Washington?

Answer 23

-founded Tuskegee Institute for teachers and African Americans

Question 24

What school provided education for Native Americans?

Answer 24

-Carlisle Indian Industrial School

Question 25

Who made public libraries a reality?

Answer 25

Andrew Carnegie

Question 26

Who made spreading the news easier?

Answer 26

-Pulitzer & Hearst

Question 27

What was “yellow journalism”?

Answer 27

-exaggerating certain dramatic or gruesome stories

Question 28

Describe the activities introduced to provide “leisure time” for most Americans.

Answer 28

Spectator sports such as baseball, football, and basketball were all common things to watch. Tennis and golf were played. Bicycling became popular again after bikes became safer. Vaudeville shows in theaters were popular as were Nickelodeons, or short films.

Question 29

What did Mark Twain do?

Answer 29

He was a realist and a regionalist who wrote ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ and ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’.

Question 30

What did Stephen Crane do?

Answer 30

He wrote about the city slums in ‘Maggie’ and the Civil War in ‘The Red Badge of Courage’.

Question 31

What did Jack London do?

Answer 31

He described the lives of hunters and miners in the Northwest in books like ‘The Call of the Wild’ and ‘The Sea Wolf’.

Question 32

What did Edith Wharton do?

Answer 32

She wrote about the lives of upperclass Easterners in ‘The House of Mirth’ and ‘The Age of Innocence’.

Question 33

What did Paul Lawrence Dunbar do?

Answer 33

He wrote poetry and novels about African American culture.

Question 34

What did Horatio Alger do?

Answer 34

He wrote ‘Work and Win’ and ‘Luck and Pluck’ as well as other successful series of young adult books.

Question 35

What did Thomas Eatkins do?

Answer 35

He painted human anatomy and surgical operations.

Question 36

What did Henry Tanner do?

Answer 36

He had artwork that depicted warm African American family scenes don South.

Question 37

What did Frederick Remington do?

Answer 37

He portrayed the West, mainly cow hands and Native Americans.

Question 38

What did Winslow Homer do?

Answer 38

He painted southern farmers, Adirondack farmers, and stormy sea scenes.

Question 39

What did James Whistler do?

Answer 39

He painted ‘Arrangement In Gray and Black.’

Question 40

What did Mary Cassatt do?

Answer 40

She was a famous Impressionist.

Question 41

What did John Phillip Sousa do?

Answer 41

He composed many marching songs including “The Stars and Stripes Forever.”

Question 42

What did Scott Joplin do?

Answer 42

He was prominent in jazz and ragtime. One of his pieces included “Maple Leaf Rag.”