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EC Health Assessment > Chapter 21: Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 21: Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System Flashcards

1
Q

Allen test

A

Test that determines the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery.

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2
Q

Aneurysm

A

Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect

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3
Q

Arrhythmias

A

Variation from the heart’s regular rhythm

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4
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

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5
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaques of fatty deposits formed in the inner layer (intima) of the arteries

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6
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate, less than 50 beats per minute in the adult

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7
Q

Bruit

A

Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded

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8
Q

Cyanosis

A

Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood

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9
Q

Diastole

A

The heart’s filling phase

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10
Q

Ischemia

A

Deficiency of arterial blood to a body party due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

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11
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at grouped intervals along lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

Lymphedema

A

Swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel, nonpitting

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13
Q

Pitting edema

A

Indentation left after examiner depresses the skin over swollen edematous tissue

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14
Q

Profile sign

A

Viewing the finger from the side to detect early clubbing

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15
Q

Pulse

A

Pressure wave created by each heartbeat, palpable at body sites where the artery lies close to the skin and over a bone

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16
Q

Pulsus alternans

A

Regular rhythm, but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplitude

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17
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

Beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration

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18
Q

Systole

A

The heart’s pumping phase

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19
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid heart rate, more than 95 beats per minute in the adult

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20
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation

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21
Q

Ulcer

A

Open skin lesion extending into dermis, with sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue

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22
Q

Varicose veins

A

Dilated tortuous veins with incompetent valves

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23
Q

Describe the structure and function of arteries and veins.

A

.

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24
Q

List the pulse sites accessible to examination.

A

.

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25
Q

Describe 3 mechanisms that help return venous blood to the heart.

A

.

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26
Q

Define the term capacitance vessels, and explain its significance.

A

.

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27
Q

List the risk factors for venous stasis.

A

.

28
Q

Describe the function of the lymphatic system.

A

.

29
Q

Describe the function of the lymph nodes.

A

.

30
Q

Name the related organs in the lymphatic system.

A

.

31
Q

List the symptom areas to address during history taking of the peripheral vascular system

A

.

32
Q

Fill in the grading scale for assessing the force of an arterial pulse: 0:_____ 1+:_____ 2+:_____ 3+:_____

A

.

33
Q

List the skin characteristics expected with arterial insufficiency to the lower legs.

A

.

34
Q

Compare the characteristics of leg ulcer associated with arterial insufficiency with ulcers with venous insufficiency.

A

.

35
Q

Fill in the description of the grading scale for pitting edema. 1+:______________ 2+:______________ 3+:______________ 4+:______________

A

.

36
Q

Describe the technique for using the Doppler ultrasonic probe to detect peripheral pulses.

A

.

37
Q

Raynaud phenomenon has associated progressive tricolor changes of the skin from ______ to ______ and then to ______. State the mechanism for each of these color changes.

A

.

38
Q

Identify label A

A

Aorta (abdominal)

39
Q

Identify label B

A

Common iliac artery

40
Q

Identify label C

A

External iliac artery

41
Q

Identify label D

A

Pulse site (femoral)

42
Q

Identify label E

A

Femoral artery

43
Q

Identify label F

A

Popliteal artery

44
Q

Identify label G

A

Pulse site (popliteal)

45
Q

Identify label H

A

Anterior tibial artery

46
Q

Identify label I

A

Posterior tibial artery

47
Q

Identify label J

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

48
Q

Identify label K

A

Pulse site (tibial)

49
Q

Identify label L

A

Dorsal arch

50
Q

Identify label M

A

Puse site (dorsalis pedis)

51
Q

A function of the venous system includes:

a. Holding more blood when blood volume increases
b. Convserving fluid and plasma protein that leak out of capilaries
c. Forming a major part of the immune system that defends the body against disease
d. Absorbing lipids from the intestinal tract

A

a. Holding more blood when blood volume increases

52
Q

Which of the following organs aid the lymphatic system?

a. Liver, lymph nodes, and stomach
b. Pancreas, small intestine, and thymus
c. Spleen, tonsils, and thymus
d. Pancreas, spleen, and tonsils

A

c. Spleen, tonsils, and thymus

53
Q

Ms. T has come for a prenatal visit. She reports dependent edema, varicosities in the legs, and hemorrhoids. What is the best response?

a. “If these symptoms persist, we will perform an amniocentesis.”
b. “If these symptoms persist, we will discuss having you hospitalized.”
c. “These symptoms are caused by the pressure of the growing uterus on the veins. They are usual conditions of pregnancy.”
d. “At this time, the symptoms are a minor inconvenience. You should learn to accept them.”

A

c. “These symptoms are caused by the pressure of the growing uterus on the veins. They are usual conditions of pregnancy.”

54
Q

A patient’s pulse with an amplitude of 3+ indicates:

a. Irregular, with 3 premature beats
b. Increased, full
c. Normal
d. Weak

A

b. Increased, full

55
Q

Inspection of a person’s right hand reveals a red swollen area. To further assess for infection, you would palpate the:

a. Cervical node
b. Axillary node
c. Epitrochlear node
d. Inguinal node

A

b. Axillary node

56
Q

To screen for deep vein thrombosis, you would:

a. Measure the circumference of the ankle
b. Check temperature with the palm of the hand
c. Comrpess the dorsalis pedis pulse, looking for blood return
d. Mesure the widest point with a tape measure

A

c. Comrpess the dorsalis pedis pulse, looking for blood return

57
Q

During the examination of the lower extremeties, you are unable to palpate a popliteal pulse. You should:

a. Proceed with the examination. It is often impossible to palpate this pulse
b. Refer the patient to a vascular surgeon for further evaluation
c. Schedule the patient for a venogram
d. Schedule the patient for a arteriogram

A

a. Proceed with the examination. It is often impossible to palpate this pulse

58
Q

You assess a patient who has 4+ edema of the right leg. What is the best way to document this finding?

a. Mild pitting, no perceptible swelling of the leg
b. Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
c. Deep pitting, leg looks swollen
d. Very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time

A

d. Very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time

59
Q

You assess a patient for arterial deficit in the lower extremities. After raising the legs 12 inches off the table and then having the person site up and dangle the legs, the color should return in:

a. 5 seconds or less
b. 10 seconds or less
c. 15 seconds
d. 30 seconds

A

a. 5 seconds or less

60
Q

A 54-year-old women with 5 children has varicose veins of the lower extremities. Her most characteristics sign is:

a. Reduced arterial circulation
b. Blanching, deathlike appearance of the extremities on elevation
c. Loss of hair on feet and toes
d. Dilated, tortuous superficial bluish vessels

A

d. Dilated, tortuous superficial bluish vessels

61
Q

Atrophic skin changes that occur with peripheral arterial insufficiency include:

a. Thin, shiny skin with loss of hair
b. Brown discoloration
c. Thick, leathery skin
d. Slow-healing bllisters on the skin

A

a. Thin, shiny skin with loss of hair

62
Q

Intermittent claudication includes:

a. Muscular pain relieved by exercise
b. Neurologic pain relieved by exercise
c. Muscular pain brought on by exercise
d. Neurologi pain brought on by exercise

A

c. Muscular pain brought on by exercise

63
Q

A known risk factor for venous ulcer development is:

a. Obesity
b. Male gender
c. History of hypertension
d. Daily aspirin therapy

A

a. Obesity

64
Q

Arteriosclerosis is caused by:

a. Deposition of fatty plaques on the intima of the arteries
b. Loss of elasticity of the walls of blood vessels
c. Loss of lymphatic tissue that occus in the aging process
d. Progressive enlargement of the intramuscular calf veins

A

a. Deposition of fatty plaques on the intima of the arteries

65
Q

Raynaud phenomenon occurs:

a. When the patient’s extremities are exposed to heat and compression
b. In hands and feet as a result of exposure to cold, vibration, and stress
c. After removal of lymph nodes or damage to lymph nodes and channels
d. As a result of leg cramps due to excessive walking or climbing stairs

A

b. In hands and feet as a result of exposure to cold, vibration, and stress

EC Health Assessment (14 decks)

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