Chapter 21: Peripheral Vascular System and Lymphatic System Flashcards
Allen test
Test that determines the patency of the radial and ulnar arteries by compressing one artery site and observing return of skin color as evidence of patency of the other artery.
Aneurysm
Defect or sac formed by dilation in artery wall due to atherosclerosis, trauma, or congenital defect
Arrhythmias
Variation from the heart’s regular rhythm
Arteriosclerosis
Thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls
Atherosclerosis
Plaques of fatty deposits formed in the inner layer (intima) of the arteries
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate, less than 50 beats per minute in the adult
Bruit
Blowing, swooshing sound heard through a stethoscope when an artery is partially occluded
Cyanosis
Dusky blue mottling of the skin and mucous membranes due to excessive amount of reduced hemoglobin in the blood
Diastole
The heart’s filling phase
Ischemia
Deficiency of arterial blood to a body party due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel
Lymph nodes
Small oval clumps of lymphatic tissue located at grouped intervals along lymphatic vessels
Lymphedema
Swelling of extremity due to obstructed lymph channel, nonpitting
Pitting edema
Indentation left after examiner depresses the skin over swollen edematous tissue
Profile sign
Viewing the finger from the side to detect early clubbing
Pulse
Pressure wave created by each heartbeat, palpable at body sites where the artery lies close to the skin and over a bone
Pulsus alternans
Regular rhythm, but force of pulse varies with alternating beats of large and small amplitude
Pulsus paradoxus
Beats have weaker amplitude with respiratory inspiration, stronger with expiration
Systole
The heart’s pumping phase
Tachycardia
Rapid heart rate, more than 95 beats per minute in the adult
Thrombophlebitis
Inflammation of the vein associated with thrombus formation
Ulcer
Open skin lesion extending into dermis, with sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue
Varicose veins
Dilated tortuous veins with incompetent valves
Describe the structure and function of arteries and veins.
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List the pulse sites accessible to examination.
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Describe 3 mechanisms that help return venous blood to the heart.
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Define the term capacitance vessels, and explain its significance.
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List the risk factors for venous stasis.
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Describe the function of the lymphatic system.
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Describe the function of the lymph nodes.
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Name the related organs in the lymphatic system.
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List the symptom areas to address during history taking of the peripheral vascular system
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Fill in the grading scale for assessing the force of an arterial pulse: 0:_____ 1+:_____ 2+:_____ 3+:_____
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List the skin characteristics expected with arterial insufficiency to the lower legs.
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Compare the characteristics of leg ulcer associated with arterial insufficiency with ulcers with venous insufficiency.
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Fill in the description of the grading scale for pitting edema. 1+:______________ 2+:______________ 3+:______________ 4+:______________
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Describe the technique for using the Doppler ultrasonic probe to detect peripheral pulses.
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Raynaud phenomenon has associated progressive tricolor changes of the skin from ______ to ______ and then to ______. State the mechanism for each of these color changes.
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Identify label A
Aorta (abdominal)
Identify label B
Common iliac artery
Identify label C
External iliac artery
Identify label D
Pulse site (femoral)
Identify label E
Femoral artery
Identify label F
Popliteal artery
Identify label G
Pulse site (popliteal)
Identify label H
Anterior tibial artery
Identify label I
Posterior tibial artery
Identify label J
Dorsalis pedis artery
Identify label K
Pulse site (tibial)
Identify label L
Dorsal arch
Identify label M
Puse site (dorsalis pedis)
A function of the venous system includes:
a. Holding more blood when blood volume increases
b. Convserving fluid and plasma protein that leak out of capilaries
c. Forming a major part of the immune system that defends the body against disease
d. Absorbing lipids from the intestinal tract
a. Holding more blood when blood volume increases
Which of the following organs aid the lymphatic system?
a. Liver, lymph nodes, and stomach
b. Pancreas, small intestine, and thymus
c. Spleen, tonsils, and thymus
d. Pancreas, spleen, and tonsils
c. Spleen, tonsils, and thymus
Ms. T has come for a prenatal visit. She reports dependent edema, varicosities in the legs, and hemorrhoids. What is the best response?
a. “If these symptoms persist, we will perform an amniocentesis.”
b. “If these symptoms persist, we will discuss having you hospitalized.”
c. “These symptoms are caused by the pressure of the growing uterus on the veins. They are usual conditions of pregnancy.”
d. “At this time, the symptoms are a minor inconvenience. You should learn to accept them.”
c. “These symptoms are caused by the pressure of the growing uterus on the veins. They are usual conditions of pregnancy.”
A patient’s pulse with an amplitude of 3+ indicates:
a. Irregular, with 3 premature beats
b. Increased, full
c. Normal
d. Weak
b. Increased, full
Inspection of a person’s right hand reveals a red swollen area. To further assess for infection, you would palpate the:
a. Cervical node
b. Axillary node
c. Epitrochlear node
d. Inguinal node
b. Axillary node
To screen for deep vein thrombosis, you would:
a. Measure the circumference of the ankle
b. Check temperature with the palm of the hand
c. Comrpess the dorsalis pedis pulse, looking for blood return
d. Mesure the widest point with a tape measure
c. Comrpess the dorsalis pedis pulse, looking for blood return
During the examination of the lower extremeties, you are unable to palpate a popliteal pulse. You should:
a. Proceed with the examination. It is often impossible to palpate this pulse
b. Refer the patient to a vascular surgeon for further evaluation
c. Schedule the patient for a venogram
d. Schedule the patient for a arteriogram
a. Proceed with the examination. It is often impossible to palpate this pulse
You assess a patient who has 4+ edema of the right leg. What is the best way to document this finding?
a. Mild pitting, no perceptible swelling of the leg
b. Moderate pitting, indentation subsides rapidly
c. Deep pitting, leg looks swollen
d. Very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time
d. Very deep pitting, indentation lasts a long time
You assess a patient for arterial deficit in the lower extremities. After raising the legs 12 inches off the table and then having the person site up and dangle the legs, the color should return in:
a. 5 seconds or less
b. 10 seconds or less
c. 15 seconds
d. 30 seconds
a. 5 seconds or less
A 54-year-old women with 5 children has varicose veins of the lower extremities. Her most characteristics sign is:
a. Reduced arterial circulation
b. Blanching, deathlike appearance of the extremities on elevation
c. Loss of hair on feet and toes
d. Dilated, tortuous superficial bluish vessels
d. Dilated, tortuous superficial bluish vessels
Atrophic skin changes that occur with peripheral arterial insufficiency include:
a. Thin, shiny skin with loss of hair
b. Brown discoloration
c. Thick, leathery skin
d. Slow-healing bllisters on the skin
a. Thin, shiny skin with loss of hair
Intermittent claudication includes:
a. Muscular pain relieved by exercise
b. Neurologic pain relieved by exercise
c. Muscular pain brought on by exercise
d. Neurologi pain brought on by exercise
c. Muscular pain brought on by exercise
A known risk factor for venous ulcer development is:
a. Obesity
b. Male gender
c. History of hypertension
d. Daily aspirin therapy
a. Obesity
Arteriosclerosis is caused by:
a. Deposition of fatty plaques on the intima of the arteries
b. Loss of elasticity of the walls of blood vessels
c. Loss of lymphatic tissue that occus in the aging process
d. Progressive enlargement of the intramuscular calf veins
a. Deposition of fatty plaques on the intima of the arteries
Raynaud phenomenon occurs:
a. When the patient’s extremities are exposed to heat and compression
b. In hands and feet as a result of exposure to cold, vibration, and stress
c. After removal of lymph nodes or damage to lymph nodes and channels
d. As a result of leg cramps due to excessive walking or climbing stairs
b. In hands and feet as a result of exposure to cold, vibration, and stress
