Chapter 19: Thorax and Lungs Flashcards
Alveoli
Functional units of the lung; the thin-walled chambers surrounded by networks of capillaries that are the site of respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
Angle of Louis
Manubriosternal angle, the articulation of the manubrium and body of the sternum, continuous with the second rib
Apnea
Cessation of breathing
Asthma
An abnormal respiratory condition associated with allergic hypersensitivity to certain inhaled allergens, characterized by inflammation, bronchospasm, wheezing, and dyspnea
Atelectasis
An abnormal respiratory condition characterized by collapsed, shrunken, deflated sections of alveoli
Bradypnea
Slow breathing, fewer than 10 breaths per minute, regular rate
Bronchiole
One of the smaller respiratory passageways into which the segmental bronchi divide
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the bronchi with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion
Bronchophony
The spoken voice sound hear through the stethoscope, which sounds soft, muffled, and indistinct over normal lung tissue
Bronchovesicular
The normal breath sound heard over major bronchi, characterized by moderate pitch and an equal duration of inspiration and expiration
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
A functional category of abnormal respiratory conditions characterized by airflow obstruction (e.g. emphysema, chronic bronchitis_
Cilia
Millions of hairlike cells lining the tracheobronchial tree
Consolidation
The solidification of portions of lung tissue as it fills up with infectious exudate, as in pneumonia
Crackles
(Rales) abnormal, discontinuous, adventitious lung sounds heard on inspiration
Crepitus
Coarse, crackling sensation palpable over the skin when air abnormally escapes from the lungs and enters the subcutaneous tissue
Dead space
Passageways that transport air but are not available for gaseous exchange (e.g. trachea, bronchi)
Dyspnea
Difficult, labored breathing
Emphysema
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by enlargement of alveoli distal to terminal bronchioles
Fissure
The narrow crack dividing the lobes of the lungs
Fremitus
A palpable vibration from the spoken voice felt over the chest wal
Friction rub
A coarse, grating, adventitious lung sound heard when the pleurae are inflamed
Hypercapnia
(Hypercarbia) increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hyperventilation
Increased rate and depth of breathing
Hypoxia
Decreased level of oxygen in the blood




























