Chapter 12: Nutrition Assessment Flashcards
Android obesity
Excess body fat that is placed predominantly within the abdomen and upper body, as opposed to the hips and thighs
Anthropometry
Measurement of the body (e.g. height, weight, circumferences, skin fold thickness)
Body mass index
Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (W/H2); values of 30 ore more is indicative of obesity; value of less than 18.5 is indicative of undernutrition
Diet history
A detailed record of dietary intake obtainable from about 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, food diaries, and similar sources
Kwashiorkor
Primarily a protein deficiency characterized by edema, growth failure, and muscle wasting
Malnutrition
May mean any nutrition disorder but usually refers to long-term nutritional inadequacies or excesses
Marasmic kwashiorkor
Combination of chronic energy deficit and chronic or acute protein deficiency
Marasmus
Results from energy and protein deficiency, manifesting with significant loss of body weight, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue mass, but with serum protein concentrations relatively intact
Nutritional monitoring
Assessment of dietary or nutritional status at intermittent times with the aim of detecting changes in the dietary or nutritional status of a population
Nutrition screening
A process used to identify individuals at nutritional risk or with nutritional problems
Obesity
Excessive accumulation of body fat; usually defined as 20% above desirable weight of body mass index of 30.0 to 39.9
Protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM)
Inadequate consumption of protein and energy, resulting in a gradual body wasting and increased susceptibility to infection
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
Levels of intake of essential nutrients considered to be adequate to meet the nutritional needs of almost all healthy persons
Sarcopenic obesity
Combined loss of muscle mass with weight gain occurring in old age
Skinfold thickness
Double fold of skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue that is measured with skinfold calipers at various body sites
Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
Waist or abdominal circumference divided by the hip or gluteal circumference; method for assessing fat distribution
Define optimal nutritional status
.
Describe the unique nutritional needs for various developmental periods throughout the life cycle
.
Describe the role that cultural heritage and values may play in an individual’s nutritional intake.
.
Describe 4 sources of error that may occur when using the 24-hour diet recall
.
Explain the clinical changes associated with obesity
.
Explain the clinical changes associated with marasmus
.
Explain the clinical changes associated with Kwashiorkor
.
Explain the clinical changes associated with marasmus-kwashiorkor mix
.
The balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirements is described as:
a. Undernutrition
b. Malnutrition
c. Nutritional status
d. Over nutrition
c. Nutritional status
You are providing health promotion teaching for a newly pregnant women and recommend which of the following weight gain parameters for a healthy pregnancy?
a. 25 to 35 pounds
b. 28 to 40 pounds
c. 15 to 25 pounds
d. The recommendation depends on the BMI of the mother at the start of the pregnancy
d. The recommendation depends on the BMI of the mother at the start of the pregnancy
Which is a normal expected change with aging?
a. Increase in energy needs
b. Increase in body water
c. Decrease in height
d. Increase in AP diameter of the chest
c. Decrease in height
You obtain which data when screening patients for nutritional status?
a. Temperature, pulse, and respiration
b. Blood pressure and genogram
c. Weight and nutrition intake history
d. Serum creatinine levels
c. Weight and nutrition intake history
A 24-hour recall of dietary intake is used:
a. As an anthropometric measures of calories consumed
b. As a questionnaire or interview of everything eaten within the last 24 hours
c. As the same as a food frequency questionnaire
d. As a form of a food diary
.
Mary, a 15-year-old, has come for a school physical. During the interview, you learn that menarche has not occurred. The BMI is 17. You suspect:
a. Nutritional deficiency
b. Alcohol intake
c. Smoking history
d. Possible elevated blood sugar
a. Nutritional deficiency
Which older adult is at lowest risk for alteration in nutritional status?
a. 80-year-old widow who lives alone
b. 65-year-old widow who visits a senior center with a meal program 5 days per week
c. 70-year-old person with poor dentition who lives with a son
d. 73-year-old couple with low income and no transportation
d. 73-year-old couple with low income and no transportation
The examiner is completing an initial assessment for a patient admitted to a long-term facility. The patient is unable to stand for a measurement of height. To obtain this important anthropometric information, the examiner would:
a. Measure the waist-to-hip circumference
b. Estimate the body mass index
c. Measure arm span
d. Obtain a mid-upper arm muscle circumference to estimate skeletal muscle reserve
c. Measure arm span
Which assessment finding indicates a patient at nutrition risk?
a. BMI = 24 kg/m2
b. Waist circumference at 43 inches
c. Current weight = 200 lb
d. BMI = 19 kg.m2
.
Marasmus if often characterized by:
a. Severely depleted visceral proteins
b. Elevated triglycerides
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Low weight for height
.
Which BMI category in adults is indicative of obesity?
a. 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2
b. 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2
c. 30.0 to 29.9 kg.m2
d. < 18.5 kg/m2
c. 30.0 to 29.9 kg.m2
Why should you ask about the use of medications when assessing a patient’s nutritional status?
a. Medication allergies are on the rise and are a major health concern
b. Many drugs can interact with nutrients and impair their digestion, absorption, metabolism, or uptake
c. Patients readily discuss their daily use of vitamin and mineral supplements when asked
d. The use of anabolic steroids can reduce muscle size and physical performance
.
