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Kin Final > Chapter 21 - Lymphatic System > Flashcards

Chapter 21 - Lymphatic System Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

Lymphatic System Components

A

Lymphatic vessels & lymph

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2
Q

Lymphatic vessels include

A

Lymph capillaries -> lymphatic collecting vessels -> lymph trunks -> lymph ducts
It is a one-way system, only TOWARD the heart

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3
Q

lymph

A

fluid from loose CT that surrounds tissue

more fluid exits from the arteriole side than leaves from the venule side

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4
Q

lymph capillaries

A

collect the excess tissue fluid
single layer of endothelium
drains into lymphatic collecting vessels
located at most places blood capillaries occur EXCEPT bone, teeth, bone marrow, and CNS
Specialized ones in small intestine called lacteals

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5
Q

lacteals

A

specialized for fat absorption

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6
Q

chyle

A

fatty lymph

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7
Q

lymph collecting vessels

A

carry fluid to nodes, which filter and purify
have same 3 tunics as blood vessels and contain valves
superficial vessels travel with veins; deep vessels travel with arteries
have many valves

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8
Q

Movement of lymph is propelled by

A

skeletal muscle action
artery pulsations
tunic media
normal movements of trunk and limbs

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9
Q

Lymph nodes

A

remove pathogens from lymph
bean-shaped, often occur in clusters
If cancer gets into lymphatic system, the cells can be widely dispersed and tumors can develop at nodes

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10
Q

Microscopic anatomy of the node

A 
Surrounded by fibrous capsule (dense CT)
Trabeculae extend inward
Afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels
Hilus
Lymph sinuses are located between afferent and efferent vessels
Follicles (nodules)
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11
Q

Hilus

A

indented region in lymph nodes (efferent exit through)

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12
Q

Macrophages

A

consume foreign particles

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13
Q

Follicles (nodules)

A

masses of lymphoid tissue

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14
Q

Lymph Trunks

A

Formed by convergence of largest lymphatic collecting vessels
Drain large areas of the body

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15
Q

What are the large areas of the body that lymph trunks drain

A 
lumbar trunks
intestinal trunk
bronchomediastinal trunks
subclavian trunks
jugular trunks
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16
Q

lumbar trunks

A

drain lower limbs, pelvic organs, anterior abdominal wall

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17
Q

intestinal trunks

A

drains stomach, intestines, digestive organs

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18
Q

bronchomediastinal trunks

A

drain thoracic viscera/wall

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19
Q

Subclavian trunks

A

drain upper limbs, inferior neck, superior thoracic wall

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20
Q

Jugular trunks

A

drain head and neck

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21
Q

Lymph ducts (2)

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A

largest lymphatic vessels
Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct

22
Q

Thoracic duct

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A

runs along vertebral bodies
empties into veins at intersection of left internal jugular and left subclavian veins
Sometimes is joined by other lymph trunks

23
Q

Right lymphatic duct

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A

Found in `20% of people
Union of right jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunks
Drains near junction of right internal jugular and subclavian veins (right upper 1/4 of the body)
If not present, trunks drain into separate veins

24
Q

Immune System Key components

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A

lymphocytes
lymphoid tissue
lymphoid organs

25
Immune system Function
fight disease/antigens
26
antigen
foreign molecule
27
Lymphocytes
WBCs that recognize and attack specific types of foreign molecules Mocroorganism penetrates epithelial barriers, attacks underlying CT - is in turn attacked by inflammation, macrophages, and lymphocytes
28
Recirculation
B and T cells continuously circulate, enter/exit CT, lymph tissue, blood vessels
29
Lymphocyte Activation in order
Lymphoid stem cells Thymus (T cells) OR stay in bone marrow (B cells) rapid regeneration & formation of lymphocyte families (specific to antigens) cells become fully mature when they attack antigen and they divide to form more that attack the same antigen
30
antigen presenting cell
"presents" antigen to lymphocyte
31
b cells in lymphocyte activation
mark antigens for phagocytosis
32
T cells in lymphocyte activation
Either directly lyse cells (cytotoxic) or release cytokines (helper), which stimulate production of deferent cell types
33
memory lymphocyte
waits in lymphoid tissue in case antigen comes back later
34
Lymphoid tissue
specialized CT that has many lymphocytes main "battleground" for infection lymphocyte activation site framework is reticular CT with fibroblasts
35
Lymphoid tissue locations (2)
MALT | All lymphoid organs except thymus
36
MALT
mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue | frequently affected mucous membranes located in digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts
37
lymphoid follicles (nodules)
clusters of lymphocytes - each comes from a single B cell that rapidly divides (new ones leave to become plasma cells
38
Lymphoid organs (2 catagories)
primary lymphoid organs | secondary lymphoid organs
39
Primary lymphoid organs
``` Bone marrow (B cells) Thymus (T cells) ```
40
Secondary lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes spleen tonsils lymphoid nodules (gather infectious microorganisms)
41
Bone marrow
Red marrow generates blood cells B cells develop immunocompetence in bone marrow and travel to secondary lymphoid organs Lymphocytes are fully activated at antigen challenge Mature lymphocytes continuously circulate
42
Thymus
``` Superior thorax, posterior to sternum lymphocytes develop into T cells Thymic hormones cause T lymphocytes to gain immunocompetence Atrophies over time Does not directly fight antigens Not composed of lymphoid CT ```
43
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic and immune systems overlap | lymphoid tissue destroys antigens and activates T and B cells
44
Spleen
Largest lymphoid organ left superior quadrant of abdominal cavity, posterior to stomach Removes antigens and worn out blood cells, store platelets
45
Tonsils (4 groups)
``` Swellings of mucosal linings of pharynx Palatine (largest and removed in tonsillectomy) Lingual Pharyngeal Tubal ```
46
Aggregated lymphoid nodules
Clusters of lymphoid follicles in ileum (distal part) of small intestine
47
Appendix
Offshoot of cecum (1st part) of large intestine
48
Disorders of Lymphatic/Immune System
Mononuleosis | Hodgkin's disease
49
Mononucleosis
Viral disease Fatigue, fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes Epstein-Barr virus (attacks B cells) Transmitted via saliva, lasts 4-6 weeks
50
Hodgkin's disease
Malignant lymph nodes Fatigue, swollen/painful nodes, fever, night sweats Treated with radiation and has high cure rate relative to other cancers

Kin Final (4 decks)

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