CHAPTER 21: LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Flashcards
WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM?
Transports and houses lymphocytes and other immune cells
returns excess fluid from tissues into the blood
-maintaining blood volume
what are the components of the lymphatic system?
make of lymph vessels, lymphoid tissues, and lymphoid organs
-lymph fluid within the vessels
where does lymph fluid come from?
fluid that has left the blood and was not reabsorbed
-moves from interstitial spaces into the lymphatic capillaries
what are the components of the lymphatic system?
water, dissolved solutes, small amounts of proteins.
may have cell debris, pathogens, or cancer cells
what is the function of lymphatic capillaries?
absorb interstitial fluid
flaps between cells allow fluid in but not out (circulate)
In the GI tract, what are lymphatic capillaries called and what is their specific function within these organs?
lacteals; absorb lipid soluble substances from the GI tract
Describe lymphatic capillaries structural characteristics and where they are found (and not found).
small, close ended vessels
walls made of overlapping endothelial cells
found: amongst most blood capillaries
do not find them: avascular tissues, red bone marrow, the spleen or CNS
What causes fluid to move into the lymphatic capillaries?
Hydrostatic pressure in interstitial fluid
-pushed fluid into lymphatic capillaries
what structure do the lymphatic capillaries drain into?
lymph moves through vessels of larger and larger size before being returned into blood ciculation
CAPILLARIES–> VESSELS–>TRUNKS–>DUCTS
DRAINS INTO (HEART)
LYMPHATIC VESSELS: WHAT STRUCTURE DRAINS INTO THEM?
CAPILLARIES FEED INTO THE VESSELS
LYMPHATIC VESSELS: WHAT WILL BE FOUND NEAR THEM?
FOUND NEXT TO ARTERIES AND VEINS
LYMPHATIC VESSELS: DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF THE LYMPHATIC VESSELS
CONTAIN TUNICA INTIMA, MEDIA, EXTERNA AND ALSO HAVE VALVES
Because there is no pump associated with the lymphatic vessels, what is used in order to move the fluid within these vessels?
USE SKELETAL MUSCLE AND RESPIRATION AS WELL AS THE PULSATIONS OF NEARBY ARTERIES OR CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE IN NEARBY ORGANS
What do lymph vessels drain into?
lymphatic trunks on both of the right and left side of the body
**What drains into lymphatic trunks?
lymphatic vessels
**What are lymphatic trunks associated with?
associated with draining specific areas of the body:
jugular trunk
subclavian trunks
broncho mediastinal trunks
intestinal trunk
lumbar trunks
**What do the lymphatic ducts do with the fluid that they receive?
bring lymph back to venous blood circulation
**what drains into lymphatic ducts?
lymphatic ducts
***what are the two lymphatic ducts?
Right lymphatic duct
thoracic duct
***name, location and what part of body the right lymphatic duct is draining?
location: near right clavicle
drains upper right quadrant
a. right side of the head and neck
b. right upper limb
c. right side of the thorax
***name, location and what part of body the thoracic duct is draining?
the larger duct
drains the rest of the body
a.left side of the head and neck
b.left upper limb
c.left upper limb
d.all of the abdomen
d.both lower limbs
***Define primary lymphoid structures
formation and maturation of lymphocytes
***define secondary lymphoid structures
house the lymphocytes and other immune cells
where the immune response is initiated
lymph nodes, spleen tonsils, lymphatic nodules
MALT- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
***Which lymphoid structures are primary?
-red bone marrow, thymus
***Which lymphoid structures are secondary?
lymph nodes, spleen tonsils, lymphatic nodules
MALT- mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
What does a lymphoid organ have that makes it different from other lymphoid secondary structures?
lymphoid organs have a complete dense irregular connective tissue tissue capsule (spleen and lymph nodes)
other structures do not have a complete capsule, or may lack a capsule. (tonsils, MALT, diffuse lymphoid nodules)
RED BONE MARROW:
a. Where is it?
b. Is it a primary or secondary lymphoid structure?
c. What process occurs here?
D. Where do these cells go to mature?
A. forming in bone marrow/found in spongy bone
B. primary structure
c. site of hematopoiesis
d. after T-lymphocytes form they migrate to the thymus to complete maturation
T/F- THE THYMUS LOCATED IN MEDIASTINUM
TRUE
IS THE THYMUS A PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LYMPHOID STRUCTURE?
PRIMARY
HOW IS THE THYMUS DIFFERENT IN ADULTS VERUS CHILDREN?
LARGERIN CHILDREN THAN IN ADULTS; REPLACED BY ADIPOSE TISSUE AFTER PUBERTY
WHAT OCCURS IN THE THE THYMUS?
T-LYMPHOCYTE MATURATION
THERE ARE TWO LOBES SURROUNDED BY A CAPSULE IN THYMUS. WHAT DO YOU FIND IN THE CORTEX?
IMMATURE T-LYMPHOCYTES
THERE ARE TWO LOBES SURROUNDED BY A CAPSULE IN THYMUS. WHAT DO YOU FIND IN THE MEDULLA?
MATURE T-LYMPHOCYTES
ENCAPSULATED AND FOUND ALONG THE PATHWAYS OF THE LYMPH VESSELS WHERE THEY SERVE AS THE MAIN LYMPHOID ORGAN. WHAT AM I CALLED?
LYMPH NODES
TRUE/FALSE:
LYMPH NODES ARE PRIMARY STRUCTURES
FALSE
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF LYMPH NODES?
FILTERING OF LYMPH AND REMOVAL OF UNWANTED SUBSTANCES
How does the lymph fluid enter the lymph node?
AFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSELS BRING THE LYMPH INTO THE NODE
How does the lymph fluid LEAVE the lymph node?
LYMPH IS DRAINED THE EFFERENT LYMPHATIC VESSEL (HILUM) FROMTTHIS REGION OF THE LYMPH NODE
TRUE/FALSE:
CORTEX CONTAINS LYMPHOID NODULES
TRUE
True/false:
cortex contains lymphoid nodules and houses lymphocytes and some macrophages
TRUE
WHAT TYPE OF CELLS ARE IN THE MEDULLA ?
IMMUNE CELLS
DEFINE SPLEEN AND IS IT A PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LYMPHOID STRUCTURE?
-LARGEST LYMPHOID ORGAN IN THE BODY
LOCATED IN THE LEFT UPPER QUADRANT OF THE ABDOMEN
-SECONDARY STRUCTURE
I AM THE LARGEST LYMPHOID ORGAN IN THE BODY. WHAT AM I?
SPLEEN
What vessels are associated with it and where can they be found?
SPLEEN ARTERY AND VEIN;HELIUM
What is white pulp and what does it contain?
IS CLUSTERS OF LYMPHOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES AROUND A CENTRAL ARTERY
What is red pulp and what does it contain?
CONTAINS OTHER FORMED ELEMENTS AND IS WHERE RBCS AND PLATELETS ARE STORED
What are the functions of the spleen?
blood flows through the spleen and it is filtered
eat foreign particles
clear defective erythrocytes and platelets
store erythrocytes and platelets
what are non functions of the spleen?
lymph is not filtered here even though this is a lymphatic organ
IN THE FIRST 5 MONTHS OF FETAL DEVELOPMENT, THIS IS WHERE BLOOD CELLS ARE MADE. CAN BE REMOVED BUT DO NOT WANT IT TO BURST.
SPLEEN
WHAT ARE THE NAMES OF THE THREE TONSILS?
PHARYNGEAL TONSIL
PALATINE TONSILS
LINGUAL TONSILS
WHERE IS THE PHARYNGEAL TONSIL FOUND?
NASOPHARYNX
WHERE IS THE PALATINE TONSIL FOUND?
POSTEROLATERAL ORAL
WHERE IS THE LINGUAL TONSILS FOUND?
POSTERIOR 1/3 OF TONGUE
WHICH TONSIL IS CALLED ADENOIDS WHEN SWOLLEN?
PHARYNGEAL
TRUE OR FALSE: TONSILS IS A SECONDARY LYMPHOID STRUCTURE
TRUE
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE TONSILS?
IMMUNE SURVEILLANCE
TONSILLAR CRYPTS ARE NOT KNOWN FOR TRAPPING MATERIAL. TRUE/FALSE
FALSE
LYMPHOID NODULES ARE MADE OF CLUSTERS OF LYMPHOID CELLS WITH SOME EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX TRUE/FALSE
TRUE
ARE LYMPHOID NODULES PRIMARY OR SECONDARY LYMOPHOID STRUCTURES?
SECONDARY
WHERE ARE LMYPHOID NODULES FOUND?
FOUND IN EVERY BODY ORGAN
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DIFFUSE LYMPHOID NODULES AND MALT?
DIFFUSE LYMPHOID NODULES:SCATTERED
MALT:CLUSTERED INTO LARGER STRUCTURE
I AM FOUND IN GI, RESPIRATORY, GENITAL, AND URINARY TRACTS ESPECIALLY THE SMALL INTESTINE. WHAT AM I?
MALT
WHAT IS MALT
MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE
WHAT IS MALT CALLED IN THE SMALL INTESTINE?
PEYER PATCHES
DEFINE LYMPHEDEMA
ACCUMLATING OF THE INTERSTITIAL FLUID DUE TO THE TRAUMA OR INFECTION OF LYMPH VESSELS OR TUMORS
SYMPTOMS OF LYMPHEDEMA
SWELLING AND PAIN
CAN INTERFERE WITH WOUND HEALING AND RESPONSE TO INFECTION
SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: WHAT ARE SOME WAYS THAT LYMPHEDEMA CAN BE MANAGED?
A.COMPRESSION GARMENTS
B.EXERCISE
C.SLEEPING
D.MASSAGE
COMPRESSION GARMENTS
EXERCISE
MASSAGE
HOW IS THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM RELATED TO METASTASIS OF CANCER CELLS?
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM IS A PRIMARY MECHANISM FOR TUMORS TO MOVE TO OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY
