Chapter 21 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

this is primarily concerned with genetic processes that occur within individuals and how genes are passed from one individual to another, thus unit of study for ______ ______ is the individual

A

transmission genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how genetic information is encoded within DNA and how biochemical processes of the cell translate the genetic information into influencing the phenotype, focus is on the cell

A

molecular genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

applies the principles of transmission genetics to large groups of individuals, focusing on the transmission processes at one or a few genetic loci

A

Population genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

who championed neo-darwinian synthesis

A

Sir Ronald Fisher, Sewall Wright, and J.B.S. Haladane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Population geneticists investigate the patterns of genetic variation found among individuals within groups and how these patterns vary geographically and change over time

A

genetic structure of populations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

This is a group of interbreeding individuals who share a common set of genes.

A

Mendelian population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The principal aim of population genetics is to understand the genetics of what?

A

evolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

genes shared by the individuals of a Mendelian population are called what?

A

gene pool

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does a frequency proportion always range from ?

A

0 and 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

if 43% of the people have red hair what is the frequency?

A

0.43

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how do you calculate genotype frequencies?

A

count number of individuals with one particular genotype and divide this number by the total number of individuals in the population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

who worked with moths in England?

A

E.B. Ford

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

in most cases geneticists use what type of frequencies to describe how the gene pool changes over time?

A

allele frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are alleles or genotypes passed from one generation to next?

A

alleles because the genotype breaks down to alleles when gametes are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Any locus that has more than one allele present within a population is what?

A

Polymorphic locus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In 1968 he proposed that much of the pattern of evolutionary changes in protein molecules could be explained by the opposing forces of mutation and random genetic drift.

A

Motoo Kimura

17
Q

What is the theory that acknowledges the presence of extensive genetic variation in proteins but proposes that most of the variation in neutral with regard to natural selection.

A

Neutral theory

18
Q

What type of mutation is A → a?

A

forward

19
Q

What type of mutation is a → A?

A

reverse

20
Q

can mutations occur in forward and reverse?

A

yes

21
Q

what is it called when a population is initially established by a small number of breeding individuals?

A

founder effect

22
Q

This type of sampling error played an important role in the population of Tristan da Cunha

A

bottleneck effect

23
Q

this is the superiority of heterozygous genotypes regarding one or more characters compared with the corresponding homozygous genotypes based on growth, survival, phenotypic expression, and fertility. Also called heterozygote superiority or overdominance

A

heterosis

24
Q

This occurs when individuals with similar phenotypes mate preferentially

A

positive assortative mating

25
Q

this occurs when phenotypically dissimilar individuals mate more often than do randomly chosen individuals.

A

negative assortative mating

26
Q

This involves preferential mating between relatives.

A

inbreeding