Chapter 21

Question 1

Antietam, Battle of

Answer 1

Landmark battle in the Civil War that essentially ended in a draw but demonstrated the prowess of the Union army, forestalling foreign intervention and giving Lincoln the “victory” he needed to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 2

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 2

Site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in April 1865 after almost a year of brutal fighting throughout Virginia in the “Wilderness Campaign.”

Question 3

Bull Run (Manassas junction), Battle of

Answer 3

First major battle of the Civil War and a victory for the South, it dispelled Northern illusions of swift victory.

Question 4

Bull Run, Second Battle of

Answer 4

Civil War battle that ended in a decisive victory for Confederate General Robert E. Lee, who was emboldened to push further into the North

Question 5

Copperheads

Answer 5

Northern Democrats who obstructed the war effort attacking Abraham Lincoln, the draft and, after 1863, emancipation.

Question 6

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 6

Declared all slaves in rebelling states to be free but did not affect slavery in non-rebelling Border States. The Proclamation closed the door on possible compromise with the South and encouraged thousands of Southern slaves to flee to Union lines.

Question 7

Fredericksburg, Battle of

Answer 7

Decisive victory in Virginia for Confederate Robert E. Lee, who successfully repelled a Union attack on his lines.

Question 8

Gettysburg Address

Answer 8

Abraham Lincoln’s oft-quoted speech, delivered at the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg battlefield. In the address, Lincoln framed the war as a means to uphold the values of liberty.

Question 9

Gettysburg, Battle of

Answer 9

Civil War battle in Pennsylvania that ended in Union victory, spelling doom for the Confederacy, which never again managed to invade the North. Site of General George Pickett’s daring but doomed charge on the Northern lines.

Question 10

Merrimack

Answer 10

Confederate and Union ironclads, respectively, whose successes against wooden ships signaled an end to wooden warships. They fought an historic, though inconsequential battle in 1862

Question 11

Monitor

Answer 11

See Merrimack.
Confederate and Union ironclads, respectively, whose successes against wooden ships signaled an end to wooden warships. They fought an historic, though inconsequential battle in 1862

Question 12

Peninsula Campaign

Answer 12

Union General George B. McClellan’s failed effort to seize Richmond, the Confederate Capital. Had McClellan taken Richmond and toppled the Confederacy, slavery would have most likely survived in the South for some time.

Question 13

Sherman’s march

Answer 13

Union General William Tecumseh Sherman’s destructive march through Georgia. An early instance of “total war,” purposely targeting infrastructure and civilian property to diminish morale and undercut the Confederate war effort.

Question 14

Shiloh, Battle of

Answer 14

Bloody Civil War battle on the Tennessee-Mississippi border that resulted in the deaths of more than 23,000 soldiers and ended in a marginal Union victory.

Question 15

Vicksburg, siege of

Answer 15

Two-and-a-half month siege of a Confederate fort on the Mississippi River in Tennessee. Vicksburg finally fell to Ulysses S. Grant in July of 1863, giving the Union Army control of the Mississippi River and splitting the South in two.

Question 16

Wilderness Campaign

Answer 16

A series of brutal clashes between Ulysses S. Grant’s and Robert E. Lee’s armies in Virginia, leading up to Grant’s capture of Richmond in April of 1865. Having lost Richmond, Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Courthouse

Question 17

Thomas J. Jackson

Answer 17

A Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the most well-known Confederate commander after General Robert E. Lee. His military career includes the Valley Campaign of 1862 and his service as a corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. Confederate pickets accidentally shot him at the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 2, 1863, which the general survived, albeit with the loss of an arm to amputation. However, he died of complications of pneumonia eight days later.

Question 18

George B. McClellan

Answer 18

A major general during the American Civil War. He organized the famous Army of the Potomac and served briefly (November 1861 to March 1862) as the general-in-chief of the Union Army. Early in the war, he played an important role in raising a well-trained and organized army for the Union.

Question 19

Robert E. Lee

Answer 19

the leading general of the Confederate army during the civil war.

Question 20

13th Amendment (1865)

Answer 20

Abolition of slavery: Slavery is not allowed in any state or territory under the government of the U.S.A.

Question 21

Black soldiers

Answer 21

The thousands of black soldiers in the Union Army A. added a powerful new weapon to the antislavery dimension of the Union cause.

Question 22

Fredericksburg

Answer 22

Battle of Fredericksburg The Union, led by Major General Ambrose Burnside, was defeated and lost 12,000 men. General Robert E. Lee, Commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, was the Confederate general who led in the defeat.

Question 23

Chancellorsville

Answer 23

Battle of Chancellorsville The Union was defeated again with the Confederacy being led by Robert E. Lee. General Thomas Stonewall Jackson was accidentally wounded here by one of his own men.

Question 24

A.E. Burnside

Answer 24

Ambrose E. Burnside Had twice before been offered command of the Army of the Potomac, after the Peninsula and Second Bull Run Campaigns. Each time he had expressed that he did not feel competent to command such a large force. However, in early November, President Lincoln relieved McClellan and he reluctantly accepted the command. A month later he crossed his army to the south of the Rappahannock River but was defeated at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862. In January 1863, he attempted to launch another offensive campaign, known as the Mud March; poor weather conditions resulted in another failure. President Lincoln relieved him of command and transferred him to the Western Theater

Question 25

Joseph Hooker

Answer 25

United States general in the Union Army who was defeated at Chancellorsville by Robert E. Lee

Question 26

George Pickett

Answer 26

Confederate general who led Pickett’s charge at Gettysburg

Question 27

George Meade

Answer 27

Union general who replaced Hooker three days before the Battle of Gettysburg, where he finally broke the Confederate attack.

Question 28

U.S. Grant

Answer 28

Ulysses S Grant Eventual leader of the Union army, accepts Lee’s surrender

Question 29

Vicksburg

Answer 29

Battle of Vicksburg 1863, Union gains control of Mississippi, confederacy split in two, Grant takes lead of Union armies, total war begins

Question 30

William Tecumseh Sherman

Answer 30

General William Tecumseh Sherman In 1864, heavily relied on by Lincoln. Won brilliantly in Atlanta. Basically destroyed the South. In Sherman’s march he took 300-mile march to the sea from Atlanta, destroying everything in his path and freeing slaves. Also ravaged South Carolina. The South was not pleased.

Question 31

Election of 1864

Answer 31

Lincoln vs. McClellan, Lincoln wants to unite North and South, McClellan wants war to end if he’s elected, citizens of North are sick of war so many vote for McClellan, Lincoln wins

Question 32

Andrew Johnson

Answer 32

A Southerner form Tennessee, as V.P. when Lincoln was killed, he became president. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote. He was a very weak president.

Question 33

John Wilkes Booth

Answer 33

assissnated President Lincoln

Question 34

Fort Pillow

Answer 34

A particularly gruesome massacre occured at Fort Pillow, Tennesse, in 1864. Confederate troops killed over 200 African-American prisoners and some whites. Even though most Southerners opposed the idea of African-American soldiers, the Confederacy did consider drafting slaves and free blacks in 1863 and again in 1864. Mississippi site where black soldiers were massacred after their surrender

Question 35

Fredericksburg

Answer 35

Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862) Decisive victory in Virginia for Confederate Robert E. Lee, who successfully repelled a Union attack on his lines.

Question 36

Chancellorsville

Answer 36

Battle of Chancellorsville The Union was defeated again with the Confederacy being led by Robert E. Lee. General Thomas Stonewall Jackson was accidentally wounded here by one of his own men.

Question 37

U.S. Grant

Answer 37

became the first president after the Civil War; previously a Union General who defeated General Lee at Appomattox Court House, which ended the Civil War; during presidency several scams passed through Congress; the Panic of 1873 (over speculation) came about in his reign

Question 38

The South’s defeat in the First Battle of Bull Run nearly led to the collapse of the Confederacy before it could fully mobilize its armies. True or False

Answer 38

False

Question 39

Until the Battle of Gettysburg in the summer of 1863, Lincoln refused to declare that a Union war aim was the end
of slavery. True or False

Answer 39

False

Question 40

The extreme Copperhead wing of the Democratic Party provided active opposition to the northern war effort and
sought a negotiated peace with the South. True or False

Answer 40

True

Question 41

General George McClellan’s failure in the Peninsula Campaign virtually guaranteed that there would be a long and
bloody total war between North and South. True or False

Answer 41

True

Question 42

General William Sherman’s practice of total war was designed to undermine Confederate morale by attacking
southern civilians and destroying their property. True or False

Answer 42

True

Question 43

After George McClellan’s failure to capture Richmond in the Peninsula Campaign, President Lincoln

Answer 43

fired McClellan as commander of the Army of the Potomac.

Question 44

All of the following were part of the Union military strategy established in 1862 EXCEPT

a. to strangle the South through blockade.
b. economic boycott rather than direct military invasion.
c. cut the Confederacy in half by seizing control of the Mississippi River backbone.
d. liberate the slaves and hence undermine the very economic foundations of the Old South.

Answer 44

b. economic boycott rather than direct military invasion.

Question 45

All of the following were true of southern blockade runners EXCEPT
a. Britain insisted that Lincoln maintain impossibly high blockading standards.
b. the most successful blockade runners were swift, graypainted
steamers, scores of which were specially built in Scotland.
c. a leading rendezvous was the West Indies port of Nassau, in the British Bahamas.
d. blockaderunning
was risky but profitable.

Answer 45

a. Britain insisted that Lincoln maintain impossibly high blockading standards.

Question 46

The battle between the Monitor and the Merrimack

Answer 46

d. heralded the doom of wooden warships.

Question 47

The battle at Antietam was critical because

Answer 47

it was the longawaited

victory that Lincoln needed for launching his Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 48

Officially, the Emancipation Proclamation freed only slaves

Answer 48

under control of the rebellious Confederate states.

Question 49

The black soldiers’ brave and valuable service in the Union Army

Answer 49

strengthened their case for full citizenship after the Civil War.

Question 50

Southerners failed to arm the slaves until the final month of the war for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
a. slave resistance, such as slowdowns, strikes, and open defiance, diminished productivity and undermined discipline.
b. slaves were “the stomach of the Confederacy.”
c. tens of thousands were forced into labor battalions, the building of fortifications, the supplying of armies, and other warconnected
activities.
d. pride, prejudice, and principle.

Answer 50

a. slave resistance, such as slowdowns, strikes, and open defiance, diminished productivity and undermined discipline.

Question 51

After his victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, General Ulysses Grant became identified with the Union policy
of

Answer 51

unconditional surrender.

Question 52

All of the following were true of Grant’s approach EXCEPT

Answer 52

a. he was less likely to pursue a vanquished foe than his fellow general Meade.
b. a soldier of bulldog tenacity, Grant was the man for this meatgrinder
type of warfare.
c. his overall basic strategy was to assail the enemy’s armies simultaneously, so that they could not assist one another and hence
could be destroyed piecemeal.
d. his personal motto was “When in doubt, fight.”

Question 53

Lincoln’s victory in the Election of 1864 was

Answer 53

in doubt until the great Union victories in the Battles of Atlanta and Mobile Bay.

Question 54

Lincoln named Andrew Johnson as his vice presidential running mate in 1864 because

Answer 54

Johnson was a War Democrat and Union loyalist from the South.

Question 55

One effect of the first Battle of Bull Run was to

Answer 55

increase the South’s already dangerous overconfidence.

Question 56

Lee’s invasion of Maryland in 1862 was intended to accomplish all of the following EXCEPT

a. bring the aid of the border states Confederacy.
b. gain the support of the European great powers.
c. follow up his crushing defeat inflicted on Pope’s troops.
d. undermine Lincoln’s rationale for the Emancipation Proclamation.

Answer 56

d. undermine Lincoln’s rationale for the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 57

Eventual Confederate surrender

Answer 57

came after Northern troops captured Richmond and cornered Lee at Appomattox Courthouse.

Question 58

The two final, extremely bloody battles in which Grant frontally assaulted Lee’s forces were

Answer 58

the Wilderness and Cold Harbor.

Question 59

The Copperheads were

Answer 59

Northern Democrats who opposed the Union war effort.

Question 60

All of the following were true of Sherman’s march EXCEPT
a. he daringly left his supply base, lived off the country for some 250 miles, and, weeks later, emerged at Savannah on the sea.
b. his hated Blue Bellies cut a sixtymile
swath of destruction through Georgia.
c. its major purpose was to destroy supplies destined for the Confederate army and to weaken the morale of the men at the front.
d. it had relatively little significance either militarily or politically.

Answer 60

d. it had relatively little significance either militarily or politically.

Question 61

The defeated general at Fredericksburg was

Answer 61

A. E. Burnside.

Question 62

All of the following were true of the fear of slave insurrection and forms of everyday slave resistance EXCEPT

a. they necessitated Confederate home guards, keeping many eligible young white men from the front.
b. it proved to be justified when violent uprisings percolated throughout the South, contributing powerfully to the collapse of slavery.
c. they greatly weakened the Confederate war effort.
d. in many ways, the actions of Southern slaves hamstrung the Confederate war effort and subverted the institution of slavery.

Answer 62

b. it proved to be justified when violent uprisings percolated throughout the South, contributing powerfully to the collapse of slavery.