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AMH2020 > Chapter 20 > Flashcards

Chapter 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Fort Sumter

A

Built following the War of 1812, and still not completely finished by 1861, the fort is located in Charleston Harbor, SC. Fort Sumter is best remembered for the Battle of Fort Sumter, where the first shots of the civil war were fired. Once the Confederate States of America took control of Charleston Harbor, they soon aimed costal guns on the fort, and fired. After the battle, 4 more states seceeded, and their was more support for military action.

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2
Q

Border States

A 
Delaware
Maryland
Kentucky
Missouri
Yes. Slavery was legal in all 4 states although none had many enslaved people.
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3
Q

Five Civilized Tribes

A

collective name for the Creeks, Choctaws, Cherokees, Chickasaws and Seminoles in the “Indian Territory (Oklahoma),” most sided with confederacy, had slaves of their own

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4
Q

Northern advantages

A

Extensive railroad network; strong industrial base; superior navy; larger population; abundant supply of food

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5
Q

Northern disadvantages

A

Shortage of experienced and skilled military commanders; divided population that did not support the war

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6
Q

Southern advantages

A

Defensive war fought on its home territory; long coastline that would be difficult to blockade; important cash crop in cotton; group of experienced and skilled military commanders; close economic relationship with Britain

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7
Q

Southern disadvantages

A

Smaller population than the North; smaller industrial base than the North

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8
Q

Robert E. Lee

A

the leading general of the Confederate army during the civil war.

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9
Q

Thomas J. Jackson

A

Nicknamed “Stonewall,” he was a Confederate army officer who fought at the Battle of Bull Run

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10
Q

Trent Affair

A

Union warship stopped a British ship on way to England and arrested 2 Confederate diplomats-James Mason and John Slidell
Britain prepared for war against US-sent troops to Canada
Lincoln decided to release Confederates because he did not want to fight a two front war
He said Captain of Union Ship acted without orders

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11
Q

Alabama

A

Ship. most famous of Confederate Commerce raiders
Manned by British sailors led by confederate Officers under Confederate Flag
Captured over 60 ships
Billed England for damages cause by Alabama
British apologized for its role and paid $15.5 million in damages in 1872

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12
Q

Charles Francis Adams

A

American minister to London-prevented official British recognition of confederacy.
Billed England for damages cause by Alabama. minister to great britain during the civil war, he wanted to keep britain from entering the war on the side of the south.

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13
Q

Napoleon III

A

treated Union with contempt. abandoned Maximillian in 1867 and Mexico once again independent. nephew of napoleon bonaparte, and elected emperor of france from 1852-1870, he invaded mexico when the mexican government couldn’t repay loans from french bankers. he sent in an army and set up a new government under maximillian. he refused lincoln’s request that france withdraw. after the civil war, the u.s. sent an army to enforce the request and napoleon withdrew.

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14
Q

Maximilian

A

Austrian Archduke who was appointed to Emperor of Mexico.
Napoleon III abandoned him in 1867 and Mexico was once again independent.
french viceroy appointed by napoleon iii of france to lead the new government set up in mexico. after the civil war, the u.s. invaded and he was executed, a demonstration of the enforcement of the monroe doctrine to european powers

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15
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

executed pro Union sympathizers on the spot.
an american statesman and politician who served as president of the southern confederate states of america after their succession from the union for its entire history from 1861 to 1865.

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16
Q

volunteers

A

unknown

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17
Q

Morrill Tariff Act

A

this was an act passed by congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. it raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war.

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18
Q

greenbacks

A

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)

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19
Q

Jay Cooke

A

Wealthy New York financier whose bank collapse in 1873 set off an economic depression.

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20
Q

National Banking System

A

Authorized by Congress in 1863 to establish a standard bank currency. Banks that joined the system could buy bonds and issue paper money. First significant step toward a national bank. (North)

21
Q

Homestead Act

A

Homestead Act of 1862 Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to thep family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo’d or failed until “dry farming” took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects

22
Q

Elizabeth Blackwell

A

the first female graduate of a medical college who in the mid-1800s was a pioneer in a profession previously forbidden to women.

23
Q

Clara Barton

A

angel of the battlefield. nurse during the civil war; started the american red cross

24
Q

The immediate issue that led to fighting between North and South was the question of proslavery officers
continuing to serve in the United States Army. True or False

A

False

25
Q

The French Emperor Napoleon III took advantage of the Civil War to install a French puppet as the ruler of
Mexico. True or False

A

True

26
Q

The North effectively financed its Civil War effort through an income tax, higher tariffs, and the sale of federal
government bonds. True or False

A

True

27
Q

The operation of the Civil War draft demonstrated the Union’s commitment to principles of equality and
democratic fairness. True or False

A

False

28
Q

The South’s refusal to raise taxes to finance the war effort eventually created a ruinous inflation that made
Confederate currency virtually worthless.

A

True

29
Q
  1. Prior to the firing on Fort Sumter, a common northern attitude toward southern secession had been that
A

d. the southern states who wanted to leave should be able to secede in peace.

30
Q

Besides the border states that retained slavery, the region of the North where an antislavery Civil War was most
unpopular was the

A

Butternut region of southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

31
Q
  1. The strong support for the Union
A

c. among the British and French working classes probably prevented Britain and France from recognizing the Confederacy.

32
Q
  1. During the Civil War, President Lincoln
A

suspended the precious privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, so that antiUnionists
might be summarily arrested.

33
Q
  1. During the Civil War, all of the following were true of Jefferson Davis EXCEPT
A

he ordered horsedrawn
vans in Petersburg, Virginia to allow the sensible joining of the incoming and outgoing tracks of a
militarily vital railroad.

34
Q
  1. General Robert E. Lee’s brilliant lieutenant throughout the early years of the Civil War was
A

b. General Thomas Jackson.

35
Q

All of the following were true of the Trent Affair EXCEPT

A

c. Lincoln reportedly said “More than one war at a time,” when he declared war against Canada.

36
Q
  1. Fatal weaknesses of the Confederate government included all of the following EXCEPT
A

d. the governor of Georgia seceded from the secession and fought both sides.

37
Q
  1. Napoleon III’s attempt to establish a French colonial government in Mexico collapsed when the
A

c. Confederacy was defeated and the United States threatened to invade Mexico and overthrow its French puppet ruler.

38
Q

Which of the following was NOT among the legally questionable acts committed by President Lincoln during the
Civil War?

A

c. Instituting a military draft without approval by Congress

39
Q
  1. Lincoln’s plan for the besieged federal forces in Fort Sumter was to
A

provision the garrison but not to reinforce it.

40
Q
  1. Before they joined the Confederate Army, ordinary southerners
A

were bred to fight.

41
Q
  1. Among the states that joined the Confederacy only after Lincoln’s call for troops were
A

c. Virginia, Arkansas, and Tennessee.

42
Q

All of the following were true of AngloAmerican
relations EXCEPT
a. in 1863, London openly violated its own leaky laws and seized another raider being built for the South.
b. Charles Francis Adams used quiet persuasion, rather than threats of war, to prevent Britain from delivering the Laird rams to the
Confederacy.
c. the Alabama was a thoroughly Confederate vessel.
d. vessels like the Alabama were not warships within the meaning of loopholed
British law because they left their shipyards
unarmed and picked up their guns elsewhere.

A

c. the Alabama was a thoroughly Confederate vessel.

43
Q
  1. All of the following were true of the attack on Fort Sumter EXCEPT
    a. it provoked the North to a fighting pitch.
    b. Northerners had wantonly fired upon the glorious Stars and Bars, and honor demanded an armed response.
    c. the fort was lost, but the Union was saved.
    d. Lincoln had turned a tactical defeat into a calculated victory.
A

b. Northerners had wantonly fired upon the glorious Stars and Bars, and honor demanded an armed response.

44
Q
  1. Which of the following was not among the Border States?
A

b. Oklahoma

45
Q

The antislavery mountain white area that opposed the Civil War was somewhat illegally turned into the new proUnion
state of

A

a. West Virginia.

46
Q
  1. All of the following possibilities could arguably have produced a Confederate victory EXCEPT if
    a. the Border States had seceded.
    b. a wave of Northern defeatism had demanded an armistice.
    c. Britain and/or France had broken the Union’s naval blockade of Southern ports.
    d. the uncertain states of the upper Mississippi Valley had not turned against the Union.
A

d. the uncertain states of the upper Mississippi Valley had not turned against the Union.

47
Q
  1. The main reason that the Confederacy did not receive more significant foreign aid was probably because
A

c. King Corn and King Wheat were more significant than King Cotton.

48
Q
  1. Women made particular advances during the Civil War by
A

c. entering industrial employment and providing medical aid for soldiers on both sides.

AMH2020 (7 decks)

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