Chapter 20

Question 1

Fort Sumter

Answer 1

Built following the War of 1812, and still not completely finished by 1861, the fort is located in Charleston Harbor, SC. Fort Sumter is best remembered for the Battle of Fort Sumter, where the first shots of the civil war were fired. Once the Confederate States of America took control of Charleston Harbor, they soon aimed costal guns on the fort, and fired. After the battle, 4 more states seceeded, and their was more support for military action.

Question 2

Border States

Answer 2

Delaware
Maryland
Kentucky
Missouri
Yes. Slavery was legal in all 4 states although none had many enslaved people.

Question 3

Five Civilized Tribes

Answer 3

collective name for the Creeks, Choctaws, Cherokees, Chickasaws and Seminoles in the “Indian Territory (Oklahoma),” most sided with confederacy, had slaves of their own

Question 4

Northern advantages

Answer 4

Extensive railroad network; strong industrial base; superior navy; larger population; abundant supply of food

Question 5

Northern disadvantages

Answer 5

Shortage of experienced and skilled military commanders; divided population that did not support the war

Question 6

Southern advantages

Answer 6

Defensive war fought on its home territory; long coastline that would be difficult to blockade; important cash crop in cotton; group of experienced and skilled military commanders; close economic relationship with Britain

Question 7

Southern disadvantages

Answer 7

Smaller population than the North; smaller industrial base than the North

Question 8

Robert E. Lee

Answer 8

the leading general of the Confederate army during the civil war.

Question 9

Thomas J. Jackson

Answer 9

Nicknamed “Stonewall,” he was a Confederate army officer who fought at the Battle of Bull Run

Question 10

Trent Affair

Answer 10

Union warship stopped a British ship on way to England and arrested 2 Confederate diplomats-James Mason and John Slidell
Britain prepared for war against US-sent troops to Canada
Lincoln decided to release Confederates because he did not want to fight a two front war
He said Captain of Union Ship acted without orders

Question 11

Alabama

Answer 11

Ship. most famous of Confederate Commerce raiders
Manned by British sailors led by confederate Officers under Confederate Flag
Captured over 60 ships
Billed England for damages cause by Alabama
British apologized for its role and paid $15.5 million in damages in 1872

Question 12

Charles Francis Adams

Answer 12

American minister to London-prevented official British recognition of confederacy.
Billed England for damages cause by Alabama. minister to great britain during the civil war, he wanted to keep britain from entering the war on the side of the south.

Question 13

Napoleon III

Answer 13

treated Union with contempt. abandoned Maximillian in 1867 and Mexico once again independent. nephew of napoleon bonaparte, and elected emperor of france from 1852-1870, he invaded mexico when the mexican government couldn’t repay loans from french bankers. he sent in an army and set up a new government under maximillian. he refused lincoln’s request that france withdraw. after the civil war, the u.s. sent an army to enforce the request and napoleon withdrew.

Question 14

Maximilian

Answer 14

Austrian Archduke who was appointed to Emperor of Mexico.
Napoleon III abandoned him in 1867 and Mexico was once again independent.
french viceroy appointed by napoleon iii of france to lead the new government set up in mexico. after the civil war, the u.s. invaded and he was executed, a demonstration of the enforcement of the monroe doctrine to european powers

Question 15

Jefferson Davis

Answer 15

executed pro Union sympathizers on the spot.
an american statesman and politician who served as president of the southern confederate states of america after their succession from the union for its entire history from 1861 to 1865.

Question 16

volunteers

Answer 16

unknown

Question 17

Morrill Tariff Act

Answer 17

this was an act passed by congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. it raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war.

Question 18

greenbacks

Answer 18

Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)

Question 19

Jay Cooke

Answer 19

Wealthy New York financier whose bank collapse in 1873 set off an economic depression.

Question 20

National Banking System

Answer 20

Authorized by Congress in 1863 to establish a standard bank currency. Banks that joined the system could buy bonds and issue paper money. First significant step toward a national bank. (North)

Question 21

Homestead Act

Answer 21

Homestead Act of 1862 Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to thep family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo’d or failed until “dry farming” took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects

Question 22

Elizabeth Blackwell

Answer 22

the first female graduate of a medical college who in the mid-1800s was a pioneer in a profession previously forbidden to women.

Question 23

Clara Barton

Answer 23

angel of the battlefield. nurse during the civil war; started the american red cross

Question 24

The immediate issue that led to fighting between North and South was the question of proslavery officers
continuing to serve in the United States Army. True or False

Answer 24

False

Question 25

The French Emperor Napoleon III took advantage of the Civil War to install a French puppet as the ruler of Mexico. True or False

Answer 25

True

Question 26

The North effectively financed its Civil War effort through an income tax, higher tariffs, and the sale of federal government bonds. True or False

Answer 26

True

Question 27

The operation of the Civil War draft demonstrated the Union's commitment to principles of equality and democratic fairness. True or False

Answer 27

False

Question 28

The South's refusal to raise taxes to finance the war effort eventually created a ruinous inflation that made Confederate currency virtually worthless.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

6. Prior to the firing on Fort Sumter, a common northern attitude toward southern secession had been that

Answer 29

d. the southern states who wanted to leave should be able to secede in peace.

Question 30

Besides the border states that retained slavery, the region of the North where an antislavery Civil War was most unpopular was the

Answer 30

Butternut region of southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.

Question 31

8. The strong support for the Union

Answer 31

c. among the British and French working classes probably prevented Britain and France from recognizing the Confederacy.

Question 32

9. During the Civil War, President Lincoln

Answer 32

suspended the precious privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, so that antiUnionists might be summarily arrested.

Question 33

10. During the Civil War, all of the following were true of Jefferson Davis EXCEPT

Answer 33

he ordered horsedrawn vans in Petersburg, Virginia to allow the sensible joining of the incoming and outgoing tracks of a militarily vital railroad.

Question 34

11. General Robert E. Lee's brilliant lieutenant throughout the early years of the Civil War was

Answer 34

b. General Thomas Jackson.

Question 35

All of the following were true of the Trent Affair EXCEPT

Answer 35

c. Lincoln reportedly said "More than one war at a time," when he declared war against Canada.

Question 36

13. Fatal weaknesses of the Confederate government included all of the following EXCEPT

Answer 36

d. the governor of Georgia seceded from the secession and fought both sides.

Question 37

14. Napoleon III's attempt to establish a French colonial government in Mexico collapsed when the

Answer 37

c. Confederacy was defeated and the United States threatened to invade Mexico and overthrow its French puppet ruler.

Question 38

Which of the following was NOT among the legally questionable acts committed by President Lincoln during the Civil War?

Answer 38

c. Instituting a military draft without approval by Congress

Question 39

16. Lincoln's plan for the besieged federal forces in Fort Sumter was to

Answer 39

provision the garrison but not to reinforce it.

Question 40

17. Before they joined the Confederate Army, ordinary southerners

Answer 40

were bred to fight.

Question 41

18. Among the states that joined the Confederacy only after Lincoln's call for troops were

Answer 41

c. Virginia, Arkansas, and Tennessee.

Question 42

All of the following were true of AngloAmerican relations EXCEPT a. in 1863, London openly violated its own leaky laws and seized another raider being built for the South. b. Charles Francis Adams used quiet persuasion, rather than threats of war, to prevent Britain from delivering the Laird rams to the Confederacy. c. the Alabama was a thoroughly Confederate vessel. d. vessels like the Alabama were not warships within the meaning of loopholed British law because they left their shipyards unarmed and picked up their guns elsewhere.

Answer 42

c. the Alabama was a thoroughly Confederate vessel.

Question 43

20. All of the following were true of the attack on Fort Sumter EXCEPT a. it provoked the North to a fighting pitch. b. Northerners had wantonly fired upon the glorious Stars and Bars, and honor demanded an armed response. c. the fort was lost, but the Union was saved. d. Lincoln had turned a tactical defeat into a calculated victory.

Answer 43

b. Northerners had wantonly fired upon the glorious Stars and Bars, and honor demanded an armed response.

Question 44

21. Which of the following was not among the Border States?

Answer 44

b. Oklahoma

Question 45

The antislavery mountain white area that opposed the Civil War was somewhat illegally turned into the new proUnion state of

Answer 45

a. West Virginia.

Question 46

23. All of the following possibilities could arguably have produced a Confederate victory EXCEPT if a. the Border States had seceded. b. a wave of Northern defeatism had demanded an armistice. c. Britain and/or France had broken the Union's naval blockade of Southern ports. d. the uncertain states of the upper Mississippi Valley had not turned against the Union.

Answer 46

d. the uncertain states of the upper Mississippi Valley had not turned against the Union.

Question 47

24. The main reason that the Confederacy did not receive more significant foreign aid was probably because

Answer 47

c. King Corn and King Wheat were more significant than King Cotton.

Question 48

25. Women made particular advances during the Civil War by

Answer 48

c. entering industrial employment and providing medical aid for soldiers on both sides.