Chapter 21 Flashcards
List, describe, know functions, and give examples of the 4 main types of tissue:
- Epithelial, Connective (6), Muscle (3) and Nervous tissue
Define and describe interstitial fluid.
Interstitial fluid fills the space between cells, and exchanges nutrients, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, and wastes with microscopic blood vessels.
Define and describe homeostasis, give examples.
Homeostasis is an organism’s ability to regulate and maintain its internal environment (even when the external environment changes)
Ex:
- Internal temperature (98.6℉/37℃), regulation in the blood of sugar
- oxygen, carbon dioxide, bpm, water, and hormones
Define and describe negative feedback, give examples.
the results of a process STOP that same process.
Ex:
- in HUMANS: control center = brain
brain keeps internal body temperature at 98.6℉/37℃
Define and give examples of ectotherms.
ectotherms absorb heat from their surroundings ALSO includes most invertebrates = insects
Ex:
fish, amphibians, reptiles
Define and give examples of endotherms.
endotherms maintain their internal temperature by deriving most of its body heat from their metabolism (C/R)
Ex:
birds, mammals
Thermoregulation in the human body: describe in detail physiological methods the body uses to
increase and decrease internal temperature.
Physiological methods to increase internal temperature:
1. vasoconstriction: constrict surface blood vessels => heat redirected to center of body, away from extremities
danger: frostbite
2. shiver: skeletal muscles contract rapidly (friction -> heat)
3. increase of metabolic rate (increase in C/R): as a result, need to eat or burn fat/glycogen
4. goosebumps: traps a layer of air next to warm skin
Physiological methods to decrease internal temperature:
1. vasodilation: dilate surface blood vessels => lose heat to external environment
2. sweating: evaporative cooling => skin cools down
