Chapter 20 Flashcards
What are the 5 main threats to Biodiversity (HIPPO)
H - Habitat Destruction
I - Invasive Species
P - Population (of humans)
P - Pollution
O - Overexploitation/Over harvesting
Habitat Destruction example
Costa Rican Rainforest
Invasive Species example
1960s Nile Perch into Lake Victoria in East African as food wiped out > 200 small native species
Population (of humans) example
1975-2075 greatest population growth, South Asia, Africa, and Latin America
Pollution example
Plastic pollution in the sea, burning of fossil fuels
Overexploitation/Over harvesting example
whaling - Atlantic Grey whale extinction
-> includes “exotic” pets
Define and describe biodiversity “hot spots”, where they occur.
Biodiversity “hot spots” -> small areas with huge number of endangered species
Occurs where -> Tropics, Islands, and Mediterranean (total < 1.5% of earth land surface)
Define endemic species
Only occurs in one place
parasitism
-positive effect on the symbiont and negative effect on the host
-Ex: giant tapeworm in whale; tapeworm gets good and shelter (in whale intestines); whale gets weaker (depriving the whale of nutrients)
Interactions between Species (biotic factors)
-Competition
-Predation
-Symbiotic relationships
define and describe ecological niche
total of a species use of resources of its habitat
define and describe competitive exclusion principle
-No 2 species can occupy an identical niche → one species wins and eliminates the other
-Ex: 2 species of paramecium (protist) → “winner” uses resources more efficiently and prolly reaches sexual maturity faster → reproduces faster → local extinction in a beaker
Predator
consumer
Prey
food
who does natural selection favor
both predator and prey