Chapter 21

Question 1

Speciation

Answer 1

the procces in which new species are produced

Question 2

Biological speciecs concept

Answer 2

The concept that species are groups of interbreeding populations that are able to produce viable and fertile offspring

Question 3

morphological species concept

Answer 3

The idea that members of the same species usaually look like each other more than other species

also applicable on a molecular level

Question 4

Cyrptic species

Answer 4

Once thought to be a single species but are really two

Question 5

Hybrid offspring

Answer 5

The offspring produced by two closely related species

Question 6

niche

Answer 6

a particular role a specices has in its environment

Question 7

Ecological species concept

Answer 7

The concept that there is a one to one correspondence between species and it niche

Question 8

phlyogentic species concept

Answer 8

the idea that members of a species all share a common ancestry and common fate

Question 9

prezygotic isolation factors

Answer 9

isolating factors before the fetilization of an egg

Question 10

postzygotic isolation factors

Answer 10

isolation factors after the fertilization of an egg

Question 11

geographic isolation

Answer 11

a prezyogtic isolation factor in which the species can not mate because they are separted in space

Question 12

ecological isolation

Answer 12

a prezyogtic isolation factor in which the species can not mate because of where they live or what they do in the environment

Question 13

temporal isolation

Answer 13

a prezyogtic isolation factor in which the species can not mate because they have different mating cycles

Question 14

behavioual isolation

Answer 14

a prezyogtic isolation factor in which the species can not mate because they have differing sexual selection methods

Question 15

gametic isolation

Answer 15

a prezyogtic isolation factor in which the species can not mate because the gametes are not comapatable

Question 16

mechanical isolation

Answer 16

a prezyogtic isolation factor in which the species can not mate because the parts do not fit

Question 17

genetic incompatibility

Answer 17

a postyogtic isolation factor in which the species can not because of genetic dissimilarity

Question 18

partially reproductively isolated

Answer 18

A population that has no yet diverged but are diferent enough to produce hybrid with reduced fetility of viability

Question 19

Allopatry

Answer 19

a form of speciation that occurs when populations are physically separated from one anothe

Question 20

Subspecies

Answer 20

Allopatric populations that have yet to evolve reproductive isolation but have aquires population specific traits

humans vs neanderthals

Question 21

Dispersal

Answer 21

the procces by which some individuals colonize a distant place from their parents

Question 22

vicariance

Answer 22

the procces by which a physical barrier arries within a single population

Question 23

Peripatric speciation

Answer 23

A specific kind of allopatric speciation in which individuals from a mainland population disperse to a new location and evolve separately

Question 23

mainland population

Answer 23

the central and largest population of a species

Question 24

Island population

Answer 24

An isolated popualtion

Question 24

Adaptive radiation

Answer 24

A period of rapid evolutionalry diversification catalyzed by natural selection

Question 25

Co-speciation

Answer 25

A proccess in which two groups of organisms speciate in response to each other

Question 26

sympartic

Answer 26

Populations that are in the same place

Question 27

polyploidy

Answer 27

error in mitosis or meiossi that results in more than two sets of chromosomes

Question 28

Autopolyploid

Answer 28

more than two chromosomes sets dervived from a single species

Question 29

allopolyploid

Answer 29

multiple chromosomes sets derived from different species

Question 30

instantaneous speciation

Answer 30

speciation that occurs in a single generation