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Organ Chem > Chapter 20- The Generation Of Biochemical Energy > Flashcards

Chapter 20- The Generation Of Biochemical Energy Flashcards

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1
Q

Biochemical processes

A

Release energy from food gradually

Stored energy must be in the form that is chemically accessible

The correct amount of heat must be released from biochemical reactions to maintain body temp

Release of energy from storage must occur at a carefully controlled rate

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2
Q

Citric acid cycle

A 
Citrate
Isocitrate
a-Ketoglutarate
Succinyl-CoA
Succinate
Fumarate 
Malate
Oxaloacetate
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3
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

Spontaneous
Negative G value

Free energy of reactants is greater than products

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4
Q

Endergonic reaction

A

Not spontaneous
Positive G value

Free energy of products is greater than reactants

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5
Q

Low-energy molecules

A

ADP

CO2

NAD+

FAD

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6
Q

Mitochondrian

A

Cellular organelle associated with energy production

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7
Q

Spiral metabolic sequence

A

Same set of enzymes progressively builds up or breaks down a molecule

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8
Q

High-energy molecules

A

ATP

acetyl-SCoA

NADH

FADH2

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9
Q

Cyclic pathway

A

Metabolic pathways in which a series of steps using different enzymes, regenerates one of the early reactants

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10
Q

Purpose of Coupling biochemical reactions

A

Use an exertion if reaction to drive an endergonic reaction

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11
Q

acetyl-coenzyme A

A

Intermediate breakdown of all classes of food molecules

Carries acetyl groups into common pathways of catabolism

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12
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation

A

Conversion of ADP to ATP

Both oxidation and phosphorylation

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13
Q

Lactate

A

Chemical produced from private when it is metabolized in muscle cells under anaerobic conditions

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14
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

Synthesis of glucose from amino acids, pyruvate , and other non carbohydrates

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15
Q

Glycolysis

Converts what?

Occurs where?

What is oxidized? Reduced?

A

Converses of glucose to pyruvate

Pathway followed by glucose when energy is needed

Occurs in cytosol of cells

Glucose is oxidized and oxygen is reduced

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16
Q

Isomerization

A

Conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

17
Q

Target molecules for a-amylase

A

Starch and glycogen

18
Q

Oxidation reactions

A

Citrix acid cycle

Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-SCoA

Reaction of reduced coenzymes in the electron transport chain

Glycolysis

19
Q

Spiral pathway

A

Metabolic pathway in which molecule is progressively built be repeated interaction with the same set of enzymes

Builds up or breaks down molecule

20
Q

Conversion into phosphates

A

Entry of monosaccharides other than glucose into the glycolysis pathway

21
Q

Pancreatic lipase

A

Enzymes that hydrolyze lipids

22
Q

Bile salts

A

Substances that emulsify lipids

23
Q

Every turn of the citric acid cycle produces how many molecules of ATP?

A

One

24
Q

Fructose classified as

A

Ketohexose

25
Q

Galactose

A

Monosaccharide with component milk sugar

26
Q

Glycosidic linkage

A

Glycoproteins are formed by the oligosaccharide binding to a protein through this linkage

27
Q

Glucose classification

A

Aldohexose

28
Q

Glycogenesis

A

Conversion of glucose to glycogen

29
Q

Phosphorylation

A

First step of glycosides, the conversion of glucose to glucose 6- phosphate

30
Q

1st step of Citric acid cycle

A

acetyl-SCoA reacts with oxaloacetate to produce citrate which is isomerized to isocitrate in the second step

31
Q

Oxidation of glucose gives

A

Gluconic acid

32
Q

esertification

A

Formation of acetyl CoA

33
Q

Which chemical is produced from pyruvate when it is metabolized by yeast cells?

A

Ethanol

34
Q

During aerobic respiration, molecular oxygen (O2) is used for?

A

The end of the electron transport chain to accept electrons and form H2O

35
Q

Fermentation

A

Partial segregation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen

36
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

Most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway

NAD+ is recycled from NADH by the transfer of electrons in electron transport chain

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

37
Q

anaerobic respiration

A

Some prokaryotes and other substances other than oxygen as reactants in similar process use chemical energy with out oxygen

Organ Chem (5 decks)

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