Ch 23- Lipids

Question 1

Waxes

Answer 1

Carboxylate acid esters with long chains

Question 2

Triacylglycerols

Answer 2

Carboxylic acid trimesters of glycerol

3 carbon trial alcohol

Question 3

Glycerophospholipds

Answer 3

Triesters of glycerol contain charged phosphate-diester groups

Question 4

Sphingomyelins

Answer 4

Amides derived from an amino alcohol (Sphingosine) contain charged phosphate-diester groups

Phosphate ester group at C1

Question 5

Glycolipids

Answer 5

Amides come from Sphingosine contain polar carbohydrate groups

Question 6

Sterols

Answer 6

Four-ring steroid nucleus structure

Question 7

Eisanoids

Answer 7

Carboxylate acids that are special type of intercellular chemical messenger

Question 8

Wax

Answer 8

Mixture of fatty acid long chain alcohol esters

Question 9

Properties of Triacylglycerols in Natural fats and Oils

Answer 9

Non polar and hydrophobic
No ionic charges

Solid fats have high portion of saturated fatty acid chains

Liquid fats have high portion of unsaturated fatty acid chains

Question 10

Degree of unsaturation

Answer 10

Number of carbon carbon double bonds in a molecule

Question 11

Cell membrane lipids in animals

Answer 11

Phospholipids

Glycolipids

Cholesterol

Question 12

Phospholipids

Answer 12

Ester phosphate link

Built from glycerol (to give Glycerophospholipds)

Or an alcohol Sphingosine (to give Sphingomyelins)

Question 13

Glycolipids

Answer 13

Lipid with fatty acid bonded to C2-NH2 group and sugar bonded to the C1-OH group of Sphingosine

Question 14

Sphingolipid

Answer 14

Lipid from amino alcohol Sphingosine

Question 15

Lipids

Answer 15

Are amides or esters of carboxylate acids with long unbranched chains

Question 16

Liposomes

Answer 16

Small spherical vesicles with a lipid bilateral surround aqueous center

Question 17

Bile acids

Answer 17

Essential for the emulsification of fats during digestion

Question 18

Arachidonic acid

Answer 18

Immediate precursor to prostaglandins and leukotrienes

Question 19

Eicosanoids

Answer 19

Derived from 20 carbon unsaturated fatty acids

Synthesized throughout the body

Question 20

Sterols

Answer 20

Contain cholesterol
Bile acids and salts
Sex hormones

Question 21

Testosterone

Answer 21

Make sex hormone (androgen)

Question 22

Estradiol

Answer 22

Female sex hormone (estrogens)

Question 23

Simple diffusion

Answer 23

Non polar
No charge
Small

Question 24

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 24

Polar
H2O and Na +
Glucose

Protein help pump

Question 25

Active transport

Answer 25

Charged molecules

Lower to higher concentration

Question 26

Membrane lipids

Answer 26

Phospholipids and Glycolipids

Question 27

Cell membrane

Answer 27

Bilayer of lipids

Cholesterol molecules

Glycoproteins and Glycolipids

Integral proteins

Question 28

How are trans fats created?

Answer 28

Adding hydrogen to make liquid oils more solid

Unsaturated > saturated

Question 29

Saponification of fat or oil

Answer 29

Glycerol + fatty acid

Question 30

Enantiomers

Answer 30

Stereoisomers

Carbon atom is bonded to 4 different groups and the isomers are mirror images