Chapter 19- Enzymes And Vitamins

Question 1

Catalase

Answer 1

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Oxidation reaction

Question 2

Cofactors

Answer 2

Non protein part of enzyme that can enter the enzymes catalytic activity

Question 3

Coenzyme

Answer 3

Organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor

Question 4

Trace minerals

Answer 4

Required for metal ion cofactors

Question 5

Substrate concentration

Answer 5

If concentration is low, not all enzymes are in use.

As increase more enzymes put at work

Once enzyme is saturated increasing substrate has no effect

Question 6

Temperature on enzyme

Answer 6

Rate does not increase with continuously increasing temp

Rate reaches maximum then decreases

Question 7

pH effect on enzyme

Answer 7

Maximum activity 5 to 9

Extreme pH denatures protein

Question 8

Allosteric control

Answer 8

Binding of a molecule at one site on a protein affects the binding of another molecule at a different site

Can be positive or negative

Neg: cannot enter

Positive: can enter

Question 9

Covalent modification

Answer 9

Reversible addition of phosphoryl groups to residues

Question 10

Genetic control

Answer 10

Useful for enzymes at certain stages of development

Mechanisms controlled by hormones can accelerate or decelerate enzyme synthesis

Question 11

Vitamin

Answer 11

Organic molecule essential in trace amounts that must be obtained in the diet because it is not synthesized by the body

Question 12

Water soluble vitamins

Answer 12

C-B12

Contain OH or COOH

Question 13

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 13

A D E K

Overdosing on fat soluble vitamins have greater hazards than overdosing on water soluble vitamins

Question 14

Vitamin A

Answer 14

Night vision

Question 15

VitaminD

Answer 15

Cholesterol

Synthesized ultra violet light

Calcium

Question 16

Vitamin E

Answer 16

Compromises a group structurally similar compounds called tocopherols

Not toxic like other fat soluble vitamins

Question 17

Vitamin K

Answer 17

Synthesis of blood clotting, produced by intestinal bacteria

Question 18

Specificity

Answer 18

Limitation of the activity of an enzyme to a specific substrate, specific reaction, or specific type of reaction

Question 19

Reversible competitive

Answer 19

Inhibitor structure resembles substrate structure

Inhibitor binds noncovalently active site

Question 20

Reversible non competitive

Answer 20

Inhibitor bonds noncovalently to site other than active site

Question 21

Irreversible inhibition

Answer 21

Inhibitor binds COVALENTLY and PERMANENTLY at site other than active site