Ch 25- Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Nucleotide

Answer 1

Five members cyclic monosaccharide

Nitrogenous base

Phosphate group (__OPO3 2-)

Question 2

Purine derivatives

Answer 2

Adenine

Guanine

Question 3

Pyrimidine derivatives

Answer 3

Cytosine

Thymine

Uracil

Question 4

DNA

Answer 4

Only thymine is present

Also contains adenine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 5

RNA

Answer 5

Uracil only present

Also contains adenine, guanine, and cytosine

Question 6

Nucleoside

Answer 6

Sugar + Base

Composed of either ribose or deoxyribose and one of the 5 nitrogenous bases in DNA or RNA

Question 7

DNA function

Answer 7

Store genetic info

Question 8

mRNA

Answer 8

encodes a copy of genetic information “blueprints” for protein synthesis

Question 9

tRNA

Answer 9

carries amino acids for incorporation to a protein

Question 10

rRNA

Answer 10

Component of ribosomes

Sites of protein synthesis

Question 11

Polynucleotide

Answer 11

Nucleic acid polymers

Question 12

Protein synthesis steps

Answer 12

Occurs at ribosome located outside nucleus but within cytoplasm

mRNA binds to the ribosome

Amino acids are delivered one by one to tRNA

Amino acids are joined into a specific protein by the ribosomal “machinery”

Question 13

Start codon

Answer 13

AUG

Question 14

Stop codons

Answer 14

UAA
UAG
UGA

Question 15

Pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 15

Ribose

NADP

glucose-6- phosphate

NADPH

Question 16

Chemicals involved in citric acid cycle

Answer 16

Isocitrate

Succinate

Maltate

Acetyl-SCoA

Question 17

When protein molecules are used as fuel for cellular respiration, what is produced as waste?

Answer 17

Amino groups

Question 18

In glycolysis, the absence of oxygen, cells need a way to regenerate which compound?

Answer 18

NAD+

Question 19

Synthesis of ATP with electron transport in mitochondria

Answer 19

1. NADH
2. Electron transport
3. Proton gradient
4. Chemiosmosis

Question 20

Products of glycolysis

Answer 20

Pyruvate

ATP

NADH

Question 21

Glycogenesis

Answer 21

Converts glucose to storage form in animals

Question 22

Hormones which regulate glucose metabolism

Answer 22

Insulin

Glucagon

Epinephrine

Question 23

Chromosomes

Answer 23

Complex of DNA and his tones formed in the cell nucleus before cell division

Question 24

Adenine

Answer 24

Nitrogen base find in nucleic acids

Question 25

Backbone of nucleic acids consists of

Answer 25

Alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphate ester bonds

Question 26

Translation

Answer 26

Making a protein molecule based on information contained in RNA

Question 27

Transcription

Answer 27

Information from DNA is used to manufacture RNA

Question 28

Genetic code

Answer 28

Sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis

Question 29

Products of digestion

Answer 29

Amino acids Glycerol Fatty acids Glucose

Question 30

Major product of carbohydrate digestion

Answer 30

Monosaccharides

Question 31

ATP synthesis in stage-4 of catabolism is driven by

Answer 31

Movement of H+ ions from the inter membrane space into the mitochondrial matrix

Question 32

Biochemical energy steps

Answer 32

Digestion Acetyl-SCoA production citric acid cycle ATP production

Question 33

Reverse transcription

Answer 33

RNA to DNA

Question 34

Replication- DNA polymerase

Answer 34

DNA to DNA

Question 35

Chromatin

Answer 35

Nuclear material composed of DNA and histones

Question 36

Codon

Answer 36

Sequence of 3 ribonucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid or stops translation