Chapter 20 (HEART)

Question 1

What is the study of the heart structure & disease?

Answer 1

Cardiology

Question 2

What space does the heart lie in?

Answer 2

Mediastinum

Question 3

Formed by Left ventricle

Answer 3

Apex

Question 4

(Superior) Made of Left Atrium

Answer 4

Base

Question 5

What surrounds the heart and is a tough, dense irregular connective tissue, that prevents overstretching, (most outer layer surrounding the heart)?

Answer 5

Fibrous Pericardium

Question 6

Double-layer around the heart that secretes serous fluid (pericardial fluid), to reduce friction.

Answer 6

Serous Pericardium

Question 7

What lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium?

Answer 7

The Parietal Layer of the Serous Pericardium

Question 8

What is a layer of the heart wall and adheres tightly to the surface of the heart.

Answer 8

Visceral Layer of the Serous Pericardium (epicardium)

Question 9

Secretion by the serous mesothelium that aids in reducing friction.

Answer 9

Serous Fluid (Pericardial Fluid)

Question 10

Made of endothelium & areolar connective tissue.

Answer 10

Epicardium (same as visceral pericardium)

Question 11

What is the tissue that makes up 95% of the heart?

Answer 11

Myocardium

Question 12

Covered by endomysium & perimysium

Answer 12

Myocardium

Question 13

What is the thin layer of endothelium and areolar connective tissue that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves and continues into the great vessels (pulmonary trunk and aorta)?

Answer 13

Endocardium

Question 14

What are the two superior chambers of the heart that receive blood?

Answer 14

Atria

Question 15

What are the two inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart?

Answer 15

Ventricles

Question 16

What are the shallow grooves on the surface of the heart, that are filled with adipose and coronary vessels.

Answer 16

Sulci

Question 16

What structure allows the atria to hold more blood so that the combined volume is equal to the ventricle?

Answer 16

Auricles

Question 17

This structure encircles the base of the heart, marking the external boundaries between the superior atria and the inferior ventricles.

Answer 17

Coronary Sulcus

Question 18

Shallow groove on the anterior surface of the heart that marks the external boundaries between the left and right ventricles on the anterior aspect of the heart.

Answer 18

Anterior Interventricular Sulcus

Question 19

Sulcus that continues around to the posterior surface of the heart, which marks the external boundary between the right and left ventricles on the posterior aspect of the heart.

Answer 19

Post Interventricular Sulcus

Question 20

Receives blood from the SVC (Superior Vena Cava), IVC (Inferior Vena Cava), and Coronary Sinus.

Answer 20

Right Atrium

Question 21

Internal ridges in the right atrium & auricle

Answer 21

Pectinate Muscles

Question 22

A thin partition between the right and left atria.

Answer 22

Interatrial Septum

Question 23

What controls blood flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

Answer 23

Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid)

Question 24

What is the level of organization of muscles? (Largest to smallest)

Answer 24

Whole Muscle (Organ Level) > Fascicles (Tissue Level) > Muscle Fibers (Cellular Level) > Myofibrils (Microscopic Level) > Sarcomeres (Microscopic Level) > Actin and Myosin Proteins (Molecular Level)

Question 25

What allows the heart to twist as it contracts?

Answer 25

The myocardium is comprised of fascicles that are in a spiral arrangement.

Question 26

What connective tissue surrounds the fascicle?

Answer 26

Perimysium

Question 27

What connective tissue surrounds the muscle fiber (cell)?

Answer 27

Endomysium

Question 28

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

Answer 28

The epicardium (external layer), the myocardium (middle layer), endocardium (inner layer).

Question 29

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 29

4

Question 30

What are veins?

Answer 30

Any vessel that returns to the heart regardless of what type of blood it is carrying.

Question 31

Little Bellies (Terminology)

Answer 31

Ventricle

Question 32

Entry Halls or Chambers (Terminology)

Answer 32

Atria

Question 33

Auri- (Terminology)

Answer 33

Ear (as in Auricle, named for it's resemblance to a dog ear)

Question 34

Coron- (Terminology)

Answer 34

Resembling a crown (as in coronary sulcus which encircles most of the heart)

Question 35

Pectin (Terminology)

Answer 35

Comb (as in pectinate muscles)

Question 36

between ; a dividing wall or partition (Terminology)

Answer 36

inter- ; septum (interatrial septum)

Question 37

What is the name of the hole that is not fully developed during fetal development to allow for blood to bypass the lungs?

Answer 37

Foramen Ovale

Question 38

What is the depression in the interatrial septum, which is a remnant of the foramen ovale which normally closes shortly after birth.

Answer 38

Fossa Ovalis

Question 39

What is the AV (atrialventricular valve) made of?

Answer 39

Cusps and Chords

Question 40

little beams ; fleshy (Terminology)

Answer 40

Trabeculae Carneae

Question 41

What are the raised bundles of cardiac muscle that form on the inside of the right ventricle?

Answer 41

Trabeculae Carneae

Question 42

cord ; tendon (Terminology)

Answer 42

chord- ; tendon (chordae tendeneae)

Question 43

What are the strings of connective tissue that are attached to papillary muscles which prevent eversion.

Answer 43

Chordae Tendineae

Question 44

What is the internal partition that separates the left and right ventricle?

Answer 44

Interventricular Septum

Question 45

Blood pumps from the right ventricle to the pulmonary valve, through the pulmonary trunk and divides into