Chapter 20 (HEART) Flashcards
What is the study of the heart structure & disease?
Cardiology
What space does the heart lie in?
Mediastinum
Formed by Left ventricle
Apex
(Superior) Made of Left Atrium
Base
What surrounds the heart and is a tough, dense irregular connective tissue, that prevents overstretching, (most outer layer surrounding the heart)?
Fibrous Pericardium
Double-layer around the heart that secretes serous fluid (pericardial fluid), to reduce friction.
Serous Pericardium
What lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium?
The Parietal Layer of the Serous Pericardium
What is a layer of the heart wall and adheres tightly to the surface of the heart.
Visceral Layer of the Serous Pericardium (epicardium)
Secretion by the serous mesothelium that aids in reducing friction.
Serous Fluid (Pericardial Fluid)
Made of endothelium & areolar connective tissue.
Epicardium (same as visceral pericardium)
What is the tissue that makes up 95% of the heart?
Myocardium
Covered by endomysium & perimysium
Myocardium
What is the thin layer of endothelium and areolar connective tissue that lines the chambers of the heart and covers the valves and continues into the great vessels (pulmonary trunk and aorta)?
Endocardium
What are the two superior chambers of the heart that receive blood?
Atria
What are the two inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood out of the heart?
Ventricles
What are the shallow grooves on the surface of the heart, that are filled with adipose and coronary vessels.
Sulci
What structure allows the atria to hold more blood so that the combined volume is equal to the ventricle?
Auricles
This structure encircles the base of the heart, marking the external boundaries between the superior atria and the inferior ventricles.
Coronary Sulcus
Shallow groove on the anterior surface of the heart that marks the external boundaries between the left and right ventricles on the anterior aspect of the heart.
Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
Sulcus that continues around to the posterior surface of the heart, which marks the external boundary between the right and left ventricles on the posterior aspect of the heart.
Post Interventricular Sulcus
Receives blood from the SVC (Superior Vena Cava), IVC (Inferior Vena Cava), and Coronary Sinus.
Right Atrium
Internal ridges in the right atrium & auricle
Pectinate Muscles
A thin partition between the right and left atria.
Interatrial Septum
What controls blood flow between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid)
What is the level of organization of muscles? (Largest to smallest)
Whole Muscle (Organ Level) > Fascicles (Tissue Level) > Muscle Fibers (Cellular Level) > Myofibrils (Microscopic Level) > Sarcomeres (Microscopic Level) > Actin and Myosin Proteins (Molecular Level)
What allows the heart to twist as it contracts?
The myocardium is comprised of fascicles that are in a spiral arrangement.
What connective tissue surrounds the fascicle?
Perimysium
What connective tissue surrounds the muscle fiber (cell)?
Endomysium
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
The epicardium (external layer), the myocardium (middle layer), endocardium (inner layer).
How many chambers does the heart have?
4
What are veins?
Any vessel that returns to the heart regardless of what type of blood it is carrying.
Little Bellies (Terminology)
Ventricle
Entry Halls or Chambers (Terminology)
Atria
Auri- (Terminology)
Ear (as in Auricle, named for it’s resemblance to a dog ear)
Coron- (Terminology)
Resembling a crown (as in coronary sulcus which encircles most of the heart)
Pectin (Terminology)
Comb (as in pectinate muscles)
between ; a dividing wall or partition (Terminology)
inter- ; septum (interatrial septum)
What is the name of the hole that is not fully developed during fetal development to allow for blood to bypass the lungs?
Foramen Ovale
What is the depression in the interatrial septum, which is a remnant of the foramen ovale which normally closes shortly after birth.
Fossa Ovalis
What is the AV (atrialventricular valve) made of?
Cusps and Chords
little beams ; fleshy (Terminology)
Trabeculae Carneae
What are the raised bundles of cardiac muscle that form on the inside of the right ventricle?
Trabeculae Carneae
cord ; tendon (Terminology)
chord- ; tendon (chordae tendeneae)
What are the strings of connective tissue that are attached to papillary muscles which prevent eversion.
Chordae Tendineae
What is the internal partition that separates the left and right ventricle?
Interventricular Septum
Blood pumps from the right ventricle to the pulmonary valve, through the pulmonary trunk and divides into
