Chapter 20 (ETC inhibitors and shuttles)

Question 1

ETC inhibitors block ___ and stop the consumption of ___

Answer 1

electron transport

O2

Question 2

Inhibitors of Complex I

Answer 2

Rotenone
Amytal
Demerol

Question 3

Inhibitors of Complex II

Answer 3

None

Question 4

Inhibitors of Complex III

Answer 4

Antimycin A

Question 5

Inhibitors of Complex IV

Answer 5

Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide

Question 6

O2 consumption can begin again if a substance is added (upstream/downstream) to the inhibitor

Answer 6

downstream (after)

Question 7

Where is Complex I inhibited and is there anyway to bypass it

Answer 7

Stops the transfer for e- from NADH to CoQ

Can be bypassed with Succinate (because it uses Complex II)

Question 8

Where is Complex III inhibited and is there anyway to bypass it

Answer 8

Stops the transfer of e- from UQH2 to Cyt c (via Cyt b)

Can be bypassed with reduced Cyt c

Question 9

Where is Complex IV inhibited and is there anyway to bypass it

Answer 9

Stops the transfer of e- from Cyt c to O2 (via Cyt a + a3)

Cannot be bypassed (which is why it is so dangerous)

Question 10

When the ETC is inhibited everything upstream (before) is ___ and everything downstream (after) is ___

Answer 10

reduced

oxidized

Question 11

Electron shuttle mechanisms purpose:

Answer 11

to transport e- between the mitochondria and cytosol

Question 12

Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle involves the transfer of e- from ___ in the cytosol to produce ___ in the mitochondria

Answer 12

NADH

FADH2

Question 13

Via the Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle ___ ATP are produced in the mitochondria for each cytosolic ___

Answer 13

1.5

NADH

Question 14

Malate-Aspartate Shuttle involves the transfer of e- from ___ in the cytosol to produce ___ in the mitochondria

Answer 14

NADH

NADH

Question 15

Via the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle ___ ATP are produced in the mitochondria for each cytosolic ___

Answer 15

2.5

NADH

Question 16

Mitochondrial NADH will result in ___ H+ being translocated

Answer 16

10

Question 17

Cytosolic NADH will result in ___ H+ being translocated

Answer 17

depends on the shuttle used:
Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle = 10
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle = 6

Question 18

Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle pathway

Answer 18

DHAP to Glycerol-3P via Glycerol Phosphate Dehydrogenase
Requires: NADH + H
Produces: NAD+
Glycerol-3P to DHAP via Periplasm 
Requires: FAD
Produces: FADH2

Question 19

Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle bypasses Complex ___

Answer 19

I

Question 20

The Malate-Aspartate Shuttle does not physically transfer a ___ rather it transfers a ___ across the ___

Answer 20

NADH
H+ (proton)
mitochondrial membrane

Question 21

The ATP generated via ___ is primarily used in the ___ and there for must be transported out of the ___ via the membrane bound protein ___

Answer 21

oxidative phosphorylation
cytosol
mitochondria
ADP-ATP translocatose

Question 22

Every ATP transported out costs ___ H+ and the synthesis of one ATP costs ___ H+

Answer 22

1

3

Question 23

One ATP out results in:

Answer 23

one ADP, Pi, and H+

Question 24

Carboxyatractyloside and bongkrekic acid inhibit ___

Answer 24

ADP-ATP translocase

Question 25

Making and transporting one ATP requires ___ H+

Answer 25

4