Chapter 20 (ETC inhibitors and shuttles) Flashcards
ETC inhibitors block ___ and stop the consumption of ___
electron transport
O2
Inhibitors of Complex I
Rotenone
Amytal
Demerol
Inhibitors of Complex II
None
Inhibitors of Complex III
Antimycin A
Inhibitors of Complex IV
Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide
O2 consumption can begin again if a substance is added (upstream/downstream) to the inhibitor
downstream (after)
Where is Complex I inhibited and is there anyway to bypass it
Stops the transfer for e- from NADH to CoQ
Can be bypassed with Succinate (because it uses Complex II)
Where is Complex III inhibited and is there anyway to bypass it
Stops the transfer of e- from UQH2 to Cyt c (via Cyt b)
Can be bypassed with reduced Cyt c
Where is Complex IV inhibited and is there anyway to bypass it
Stops the transfer of e- from Cyt c to O2 (via Cyt a + a3)
Cannot be bypassed (which is why it is so dangerous)
When the ETC is inhibited everything upstream (before) is ___ and everything downstream (after) is ___
reduced
oxidized
Electron shuttle mechanisms purpose:
to transport e- between the mitochondria and cytosol
Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle involves the transfer of e- from ___ in the cytosol to produce ___ in the mitochondria
NADH
FADH2
Via the Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle ___ ATP are produced in the mitochondria for each cytosolic ___
1.5
NADH
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle involves the transfer of e- from ___ in the cytosol to produce ___ in the mitochondria
NADH
NADH
Via the Malate-Aspartate Shuttle ___ ATP are produced in the mitochondria for each cytosolic ___
2.5
NADH
Mitochondrial NADH will result in ___ H+ being translocated
10
Cytosolic NADH will result in ___ H+ being translocated
depends on the shuttle used:
Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle = 10
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle = 6
Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle pathway
DHAP to Glycerol-3P via Glycerol Phosphate Dehydrogenase Requires: NADH + H Produces: NAD+ Glycerol-3P to DHAP via Periplasm Requires: FAD Produces: FADH2
Glycerol Phosphate Shuttle bypasses Complex ___
I
The Malate-Aspartate Shuttle does not physically transfer a ___ rather it transfers a ___ across the ___
NADH
H+ (proton)
mitochondrial membrane
The ATP generated via ___ is primarily used in the ___ and there for must be transported out of the ___ via the membrane bound protein ___
oxidative phosphorylation
cytosol
mitochondria
ADP-ATP translocatose
Every ATP transported out costs ___ H+ and the synthesis of one ATP costs ___ H+
1
3
One ATP out results in:
one ADP, Pi, and H+
Carboxyatractyloside and bongkrekic acid inhibit ___
ADP-ATP translocase
Making and transporting one ATP requires ___ H+
4
