Chapter 19 (Citric Acid Cycle - PDH Complex)

Question 1

Amphibolic

Answer 1

Plays a role in both catabolism and anabolism

Citric Acid Cycle is amphibolic

Question 2

The final products of the Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 2

6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP + 4 CO2

Question 3

NADH produces ___ ATP

Answer 3

2.5

Question 4

FADH2 produces ___ ATP

Answer 4

1.5

Question 5

Total production of ATP

Glycolysis through Citric Acid Cycle

Answer 5

32 ATP per molecule of glucose

Question 6

The inner membrane of the mitochondria is only permeable to:

Everything else requires a ___

Answer 6

O2, H2O, CO2

Transport protein

Question 7

Pyruvate enters the inner mitochondrial matrix via ___

Answer 7

pyruvate translocase

Question 8

Pyruvate Dehyrdogenase Complex

Answer 8

The oxidation of Pyruvate to form an Acetyl-CoA (which is a thioester)
Requires: CoA-SH and NAD+
Produces: NADH and CO2
Oxidative Decarboxylation reaction
Irreversible

Question 9

Three ENZYMES of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 9

E1: PDH
E2: dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
E3: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
These catalyze the reactions

Question 10

Five cofactors of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 10

TPP (bound to E1)
Lipoic Acid (covalently linked to a Lys on E2)
CoA (substrate for E2)
FAD+ (bound to E3)
NAD+ (substrate for E3)

Question 11

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase has a total of ___ sequential reactions

Answer 11

4

Question 12

Lipoic Acid has three forms

Answer 12

Oxidized: S-S
Reduced: -SH HS-
Acetylated

Question 13

Reaction 1 for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 13

TPP decarboxylates pyruvate (via E1) to form a CO2 and TPP with a hydroxyethyl group (acetyl group attached to TPP)

Question 14

Reaction 2 for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 14

The hydroxyethyl group is transfered from TPP to dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (via E2) forming an acetylated lipoic acid
(E1 + E2)

Question 15

Reaction 1 uses:

Answer 15

E1 + TPP

Question 16

Reaction 2 uses:

Answer 16

E1 + E2 + lipoic acid

Question 17

Reaction 3 for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 17

The acetyl group is transfered from the lipoic acid to CoA (via E2) to form Acetyl-CoA and leaves behind the reduced form of lipoic acid

Question 18

Reaction 3 uses:

Answer 18

E2 + CoA

Question 19

Reaction 4 for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex

Answer 19

The reduced form of lipoic acid is reoxidized (via E3) and FAD reduces NAD+ to NADH

Question 20

Reaction 4 uses:

Answer 20

E3 + FAD + NAD

Question 21

Lipoic Acid makes a ___ bond

Answer 21

thioester (Acetyl-CoA)

Question 22

Organic arsenic compounds are more toxic to ___ than to ___ so they were used as treatments for ___

Answer 22

microorganisms
humans
syphilis and other bacterial and parasitic diseases

Question 23

Arsenic poisoning inhibits ___ by:

Answer 23

Citric Acid Cycle
Arsenite binds to the reduced form of lipoic acid
Effects enzymes such as Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase

Question 24

Dr. Ehrlich

Answer 24

Created the “magic bullet”
Coined the term “chemotherapy”
606 or Salrarsan