Chapter 19 (Citric Acid Cycle - PDH Complex) Flashcards
Amphibolic
Plays a role in both catabolism and anabolism
Citric Acid Cycle is amphibolic
The final products of the Citric Acid Cycle
6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP + 4 CO2
NADH produces ___ ATP
2.5
FADH2 produces ___ ATP
1.5
Total production of ATP
Glycolysis through Citric Acid Cycle
32 ATP per molecule of glucose
The inner membrane of the mitochondria is only permeable to:
Everything else requires a ___
O2, H2O, CO2
Transport protein
Pyruvate enters the inner mitochondrial matrix via ___
pyruvate translocase
Pyruvate Dehyrdogenase Complex
The oxidation of Pyruvate to form an Acetyl-CoA (which is a thioester) Requires: CoA-SH and NAD+ Produces: NADH and CO2 Oxidative Decarboxylation reaction Irreversible
Three ENZYMES of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
E1: PDH
E2: dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
E3: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase
These catalyze the reactions
Five cofactors of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
TPP (bound to E1) Lipoic Acid (covalently linked to a Lys on E2) CoA (substrate for E2) FAD+ (bound to E3) NAD+ (substrate for E3)
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase has a total of ___ sequential reactions
4
Lipoic Acid has three forms
Oxidized: S-S
Reduced: -SH HS-
Acetylated
Reaction 1 for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
TPP decarboxylates pyruvate (via E1) to form a CO2 and TPP with a hydroxyethyl group (acetyl group attached to TPP)
Reaction 2 for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
The hydroxyethyl group is transfered from TPP to dihydrolipoyl transacetylase (via E2) forming an acetylated lipoic acid
(E1 + E2)
Reaction 1 uses:
E1 + TPP
Reaction 2 uses:
E1 + E2 + lipoic acid
Reaction 3 for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
The acetyl group is transfered from the lipoic acid to CoA (via E2) to form Acetyl-CoA and leaves behind the reduced form of lipoic acid
Reaction 3 uses:
E2 + CoA
Reaction 4 for Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex
The reduced form of lipoic acid is reoxidized (via E3) and FAD reduces NAD+ to NADH
Reaction 4 uses:
E3 + FAD + NAD
Lipoic Acid makes a ___ bond
thioester (Acetyl-CoA)
Organic arsenic compounds are more toxic to ___ than to ___ so they were used as treatments for ___
microorganisms
humans
syphilis and other bacterial and parasitic diseases
Arsenic poisoning inhibits ___ by:
Citric Acid Cycle
Arsenite binds to the reduced form of lipoic acid
Effects enzymes such as Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Alpha-Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase
Dr. Ehrlich
Created the “magic bullet”
Coined the term “chemotherapy”
606 or Salrarsan
