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Bio 201 Exam #3 > Chapter 20, Endocrine system > Flashcards

Chapter 20, Endocrine system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Secretes hormones, Ductless, has many blood vessels throughout.

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2
Q

How do endocrine and nervous systems communicate

A

Through signals throughout the body.

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3
Q

Hormones

A

can only affect target organs or cells( must have receptors for that organ).

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4
Q

Three chemical classes of hormone

A

Protein hormone(Chains of amino acids), a steroid hormone(Type of lipid-derived from cholesterol), biogenic amines( Small molecules made by altering the structure of amino acid).

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5
Q

Negative feedback

A

the stimulus starts the process and a hormone causes the process to slow down or turn off

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6
Q

Positive feedback

A

accelerates the original process, ensuring it

continues or speeding it up.

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7
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Is the master control center of the endocrine
system. Controls the secretion activities of the adrenal medulla. Produces oxytocin (OT) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Controls release of regulatory hormones from the anterior pituitary
gland

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8
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Also called Hypophysis, located inferior to the hypothalamus

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9
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Divided into three different areas: Pars distalis, Pars intermedia, Pars tuberalis

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10
Q

Anterior pituitary hormones

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone, Adrenocorticotropin hormone, Growth hormone, Gonadotrophic cells, Prolactin, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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11
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

Two regions: pars nervosa and Infundibular stalk.

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12
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

Oxytocin, Antidiuretic hormone

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13
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Largest gland devoted to endocrine activities. Butterfly shape.

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14
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

When your thyroid produces too much TH

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15
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

When your thyroid produces too little TH

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16
Q

Hashimotos

A

the immune system attacks the thyroid, can cause hypothyroidism

17
Q

Goiter

A

Caused by lack of iodine in the diet.

18
Q

Parathyroid glands

A

Small glands located at the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. Secretes Parathyroid hormone and enables blood to clot.

19
Q

Parathyroid cells

A

Chief cells and Oxyphil cells

20
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Paired glands on the superior border of the kidneys

21
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Three layers: Zona Glomerulosa, Zona fasciculata, Zona reticularis.

22
Q

Zona Glomerulosa

A

Produces mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone

23
Q

Zona fasciculata

A

Produces glucocorticoids such as corticosterone

24
Q

Zona reticularis

A

Produces gonadocorticoids

25
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

26
Q

Mineralcorticoid (Aldosterone)

A

Regulate electrolyte composition and concentration in body fluids

27
Q

Glucocorticoids (corticosterone, cortisol)

A

Regulate blood glucose levels, stimulate lipid and protein metabolism

28
Q

Gonadocorticoids

A

Sex organ cell growth/protein synthesis

29
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Forms the inner core of the adrenal gland. Secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine.

30
Q

Fight or flight responses

A

Heart rate increases, Digestive rate decreases, pupils dilate, Bronchi of lungs dilate, piloerection(goosebumps), Blood vessels constrict, perspiration.

31
Q

Pancreas

A

Has both exocrine and endocrine functions. 98-99% of pancreatic cells are pancreatic acini. 1-2% are pancreatic islets.

32
Q

Pancreas hormones

A

Pancreatic islet cells secrete: Alpha cells, Beta cells, F cells, and Deta cells

33
Q

pineal gland

A

Secretes melatonin, in the posterior region of the epithalamus

34
Q

Thymus

A

Located just superior to the heart and just deep to the sternum

35
Q

Kidney

A

Hormones help regulate electrolytes, erythrocyte production, blood volume, and blood pressure

36
Q

Heart

A

Atrial cells secrete atrial natriuretic peptides, lower blood sugar

37
Q

gonads

A

produce sex hormones

Bio 201 Exam #3 (6 decks)

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