Chapter 14, Neural tissue

Question 1

What are the two subdivisions in the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central and Peripheral nervous system

Question 2

The central nervous system consists of

Answer 2

Brain + Spinal cord + the cluster or nerves called nuclei

Question 3

The peripheral nervous system consists of

Answer 3

Cranial + spinal + ganglia nerves

Question 4

What are the three general functions CNS and PNS provide:

Answer 4

Collecting information, Processing and evaluating information, Responding to information

Question 5

How does CNS collect information?

Answer 5

Receptors detect changes and pass the information to CNS

Question 6

How does CNS evaluate information?

Answer 6

CNS determines the response that is required

Question 7

How does CNS respond to information?

Answer 7

CNS initiates the nerve impulses to react to the changes in the body

Question 8

Sensory Nervous system

Answer 8

Known as the afferent nervous system. This system receives information from the receptors in the PNS and transmits it to the CNS.

Question 9

Motor Nervous system

Answer 9

Known as the efferent system. Sends impulses from CNS to muscles and glands. Divided into two regions: Somatic motor, Autonomic motor.

Question 10

Somatic motor

Answer 10

Causes the contraction of skeletal muscles

Question 11

Autonomic motor

Answer 11

Regulate smooth and cardiac muscle, as well as glands

Question 12

Two distinct types of cells in the nervous system

Answer 12

Neurons(Electrically excitable cells that initiate, transmit, and receive nerve impulses). Glial cells(Nonexcitable cells that support and protect the neurons)

Question 13

Neurons

Answer 13

The basic structural unit of the nervous system. High metabolic rate, Extreme longevity, Nonmitotic.

Question 14

Glial cells in the CNS

Answer 14

Astrocytes, Ependymal cells, microglial cells, Oligodendrocytes

Question 15

Astrocytes

Answer 15

Helps form the blood-brain-barrier(BBB), Replaces damaged neurons, Assisting neuronal development.

Question 16

Ependymal cells

Answer 16

Ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells. Lines the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. Produces cerebral spinal fluid.

Question 17

Microglial cells

Answer 17

Small cells that are motile, wander through the CNS.

Question 18

Oligodendrocytes

Answer 18

Only associated with CNS axons. Wraps around axons like electrical tape.

Question 19

Glial cells of the PNS

Answer 19

Satellite cells, Neurolemmocytes/Schwann cells

Question 20

Satellite cells

Answer 20

Flattened cells are arranged around neuronal cell bodies in ganglia. Maintains the environment.

Question 21

Neurolemmocytes

Answer 21

Associated with PNS axons only, produce myelin. Have the same structure and function as Oligodendrocytes.

Question 22

Myelination

Answer 22

The process of wrapping the axon with a myelin sheath. Serves as insulation.

Question 23

How do axons regenerate

Answer 23

If the cell body is intact, depends on the extent and site of damage. Neurolemmocytes play an important role in this regeneration

Question 24

Synapses

Answer 24

Specialized junctions between one axon and another neuron, muscle, or gland.

Question 25

Electrical Synapses

Answer 25

Used to communicate with muscles, uses as messengers through ions

Question 26

Chemical Synapses

Answer 26

Used by most of the body to communicate, also used as a messenger through hormones