Chapter 19, General and Special Senses

Question 1

Sensation

Answer 1

The constant awareness of the stimuli

Question 2

Stimuli

Answer 2

anything that produces a response in an organism or in a cell or tissue of an organism.

Question 3

How are stimuli detected

Answer 3

By receptors

Question 4

General senses

Answer 4

Temperature, pain, touch, stretch, and pressure

Question 5

Special senses

Answer 5

Gustation (taste) , olfaction vision, equilibrium, and audition(hearing)

Question 6

Receptors change…

Answer 6

one form of energy into another

Question 7

Receptors can be

Answer 7

Tonic or Phasic

Question 8

Tonic

Answer 8

Responds at a fast rate

Question 9

Phasic

Answer 9

Responds at a slow rate

Question 10

Where are general sense receptors

Answer 10

Throughout the skin

Question 11

Where are special sense receptors

Answer 11

Inside the complex organs in the head

Question 12

What are the three things used to describe receptors?

Answer 12

receptor distribution, stimulus origin, modality stimulation

Question 13

Somatic receptors

Answer 13

Found within the body wall, Receptors for chemicals, temperature, pain, touch, proprioception, and
pressure.

Question 14

Visceral receptors

Answer 14

Found in walls of the viscera, responds to chemicals, temperature, and pressure

Question 15

Exteroceptors

Answer 15

A receptor that receives external stimuli, found in mucous membranes like the nasal, oral, and vaginal cavities.

Question 16

Interoceptors

Answer 16

Found in viscera walls, detects stretching, oxygen, temperature, and pressure.

Question 17

Proprioceptors

Answer 17

Found in muscles, tendons, and joints. detects body and limb movement

Question 18

Chemoreceptors

Answer 18

Detects specific molecules that are dissolved in the fluid

Question 19

Thermoreceptors

Answer 19

Detects changes in temperature

Question 20

Photoreceptors

Answer 20

Detects changes in light intensity, color, and movement of light

Question 21

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 21

Detects physical deformation due to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch.

Question 22

Baroreceptors

Answer 22

Detects the pressure changes within body structures

Question 23

Nociceptors

Answer 23

Detects tissue damage and pain

Question 24

Referred pain

Answer 24

When impulses from certain viscera are perceived for originating from near the skin

Question 25

Tactile receptors

Answer 25

The most numerous type of receptor, Located in the dermis

Question 26

Unencapsulated

Answer 26

Endings not wrapped in connective tissue or glial cells

Question 27

Encapsulated

Answer 27

Endings wrapped in connective tissue or glial cells

Question 28

Free nerve endings

Answer 28

Found in the papillary layer of the dermis and deep epidermis

Question 29

Root hair plexuses

Answer 29

Surround hair follicles in the dermis

Question 30

Tactile discs

Answer 30

Associated with tactile cells in stratum Basile of the epidermis

Question 31

End bulbs

Answer 31

In the skin and mucous membranes of the oral and nasal cavities, vaginal, and anal canal

Question 32

Lamellated corpuscles

Answer 32

In the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, synovial membranes, and viscera

Question 33

Bulbous corpuscles

Answer 33

In the dermis and subcutaneous layer

Question 34

Tactile corpuscles

Answer 34

In dermal papillae, especially lips, palms, eyelids, nipples, and genitals

Question 35

Gustation

Answer 35

The sense of taste, the gustatory cells are taste receptors housed in specialized organs termed taste buds. Located on the dorsal surface of the tongue in epithelial and connective tissue functions.

Question 36

Four types of the papillae

Answer 36

Filiform papillae, Fungiform papillae, Foliate papillae, Vallate papillae

Question 37

What is each taste bud composed of

Answer 37

Gustatory cells are enclosed in supporting cells, each gustatory cell has a dendritic ending

Question 38

Five taste sensations from gustatory cells

Answer 38

Sweet, Salty, sour, bitter, umami

Question 39

Olfaction

Answer 39

Sense of smell, much less sensitive in humans than in animals

Question 40

Olfactory Organs

Answer 40

Epithelium of the Olfactory- has 3 cell types: Olfactory receptor cells, supporting cells, basal cells. Under the epithelium is the Lamina Propia.

Question 41

What do accessory cells do in the eye

Answer 41

Prevents foreign objects + substances from coming into contact with the eye.

Question 42

What are external accessory cells

Answer 42

Eyelids, Eyelashes, Eyebrows

Question 43

Conjunctiva

Answer 43

Lines the anterior of the eye and inside the eyelid, contains goblet cells to moisten the eye

Question 44

Lacrimal Apparatus

Answer 44

Produces, collects, and drains tears from the eye

Question 45

Lacrimal Fluid

Answer 45

tears. Moistens the anterior portion of the eye and helps prevent bacterial infections because they contain antibodies called lysozyme.

Question 46

Fibrous tunic

Answer 46

Contains cornea(the transparent area that receives oxygen) and sclera( the white)

Question 47

Vascular tunic

Answer 47

Contains choroid(Supplies nutrients and oxygen to the retina), ciliary body ( Has ciliary muscles that change lens shape), and iris(Controls the amount of light entering eye, controls the amount of light entering the eye)

Question 48

Retina

Answer 48

Has a pigmented layer( attached to the choroid, Absorbs light energy) and a Neural layer( Houses photoreceptors and other associated neurons).

Question 49

Lens

Answer 49

transparent and deformable structure. Behind the pupil and sensory ligaments

Question 50

The ear is divided into three different regions

Answer 50

External, middle, and inner ear

Question 51

External ear

Answer 51

Skin-covered elastic cartilage is called the auricle. The auricle leads to the external acoustic meatus. Ends at tympanic membrane(eardrum). Produces a wax-like secretion called cerumen(earwax)

Question 52

Middle ear

Answer 52

Air-filled tympanic cavity (An opening to the auditory tube that connects to the nasopharynx). Three auditory ossicles: Malleus(hammer), Incus(Anvil), Stapes(Stirrup)

Question 53

Inner ear

Answer 53

Located within the spaces of the petrous part of temporal; bone. In those spaces is the bony labyrinth. Inside those are fluid-filled tubes and spaces called membranous labyrinths.

Question 54

What three regions are in bony labyrinths

Answer 54

Vestibule, Semicircular canals, Cochlea

Question 55

Vestibule

Answer 55

Two parts: Utricle and saccule

Question 56

Cochlea

Answer 56

organ for hearing