Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

KIN Exam 4 > Chapter 20 - Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 20 - Blood Vessels Flashcards

0
Q

Major types of blood vessels

A

Arteries - branch/diverge/fork as they leave the heart
Capillaries
Veins - come together/join/merge as they carry blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Blood Vessels

A

Vessels make up piping for blood flow throughout the body

Vessels run through organs and tissues to supply nutrients and pick up wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Structure of Vessel Walls

A

Lumen
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tunica Intima

A

Endothelium - simple squamous epithelium

Subendothelial layer - loose CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tunica Media

A

Smooth muscle

Elastin & Collagen (assist with elasticity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Contraction

A

Constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tunica Externa

A 
Connective tissue (lots of collagen and elastic fibers
Protection and strength
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Arteries types (largest to smallest)

A

Elastic arteries
Muscular arteries
Arterioles
Metarterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Veins types (largest to smallest)

A

Venules

Thoroughfare channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood AWAY from heart
High pressure and flow vessels
Deeper location than veins
More smoother muscle then veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Elastic arteries

A

Conducting arteries
Largest arteries near the heart
Lots of elastin
Recoils in order to help keep flow continuous at capillaries (dampens pulsatile flow)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Muscular Arteries

A

Supply organs, parts of organs, and groups of organs
Have thickest tunica media
Have internal and external elastic lamina
Smooth muscle in tunica media regulations flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Contraction of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vasodilation

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Arterioles

A

Smallest Arteries
Tunica media only has 1-2 layers of smooth muscle
Diameter regulated by local factors and sympathetic NS activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest vessels
Composed of single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by basement membrane
Site of gas and nutrient exchange
All tissues exchange nutrients for wastes (lungs: exchange gases, intestine: digested nutrients, endocrine glands: release hormones, kidney: removes wastes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Capillary Wall structure

A

Lumen
Endothelial cells
Basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Capillary Bed

A

Network of body’s smallest vessels
Metarterioles
True capillary
Thoroughfare channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Metarterioles

A

Intermediate between arteriole and capillary

Pre-capillary sphincters control flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True capillary

A

gas and nutrient exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thoroughfare channel

A

Intermediate between venule and capillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Capillary Permeability

A

Endothelial cells are held together by tight junctions (and some desmosomes)
Diffusion through endothelial cell membranes and fenestrations are 2 of 4 routes of premeability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Tight junctions

A

Do not surround entire perimeter of endothelial cells

Leave gaps where small molecules can enter and leave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

Do not have pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

Have pores that span the endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Veins

A 
Take blood TOWARD the heart
Low pressure vessels 
More superficial location than arteries
less smooth muscle than arteries
Thinner walls than arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Aids for Venous Return

A

Valves
Body Movement
Muscular Pump
Venous Vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Valves

A

Blood flow toward heart pushes cusps apart, and backflow pushes cusps together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Body movement

A

simply moving the body moves blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Muscular pumps

A

skeletal muscles press against veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Venous vasoconstriction

A

possible, but not the same as in arteries

31
Q

Anastomoses

A

Where vessels unite or interconnect
Arterial anastomoses provide collateral channels
Venous anastomoses more abundant

32
Q

Vasa Vasorum

A

Little vessels (tiny arteries, capillaries, veins) that supply larger arteries and veins with nutrients
Feeds outer half of vessel - located in tunica externa
Luminal blood feed inner half
SMall vessels get full supply from luminal blood

33
Q

Pulmonary trunk

A

Artery that takes blood to the lungs, branches in to right and left pulmonary arteries

34
Q

Pulmonary Circuit

A 
Each pulmonary artery branches into lobar arteries, which branch smaller and smaller until they are capillaries
Pulmonary Veins (4 of them, 2 from each lung) bring blood back to the heart
Pulmonary trunk
35
Q

Systemic Circuit

A

Arteries
Aorta
-ascending (R & L Coronary Arteries)
-arch (Brachicephlic trunk (right common carotid, right subclavian), Left common carotid, left subclavian)
-descending (thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta (right common iliac, left common iliac))

36
Q

Ascending aorta

A

R & L coronary Arteries

37
Q

Aorta Arch

A

Brachiocephalic trunk - right common carotid, right subclavian
Left common carotid
Left subclavin

38
Q

Descending Aorta

A

Thoracic aorta

Abdominal aorta - right common iliac, left common iliac

39
Q

Upper Limb

A 
Subclavian
Axillary
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Palmar Arches
40
Q

Subclavin

A

Underlies clavicle

41
Q

Axillary

A

Supplies breast, should, scapular areas

42
Q

Brachial

A

Supplies anterior & posterior arm muscles

43
Q

Radial

A

Supplies lateral forearm

44
Q

Ulnar

A

supplies medial forearm

45
Q

Palmar arches

A

superficial and deep

supplies hand

46
Q

Arteries of Lower Limb

A 
Common Iliac Arteries 
Internal Iliac Artery
External Iliac Artery
Femoral Artery
Popliteal Artery
Anterior Tibial Artery
Posterior Tibial Artery
47
Q

Internal Iliac Artery

A

Supplies pelvic region

48
Q

External Iliac Artery

A

Goes to lower limbs

49
Q

Femoral Artery

A

Supplies thigh muscles

50
Q

Popliteal Artery

A

Supplies knee

51
Q

Anterior Tibial Artery

A

Supplies crural region

52
Q

Posterior Tibial Artery

A

Supplies sural region

53
Q

Systemic Veins

A 
Differences in Artery & Vein Distributions
Superior Vena Cava
Brachiocephalic veins
Internal Jugular
Subclavian 
External Jugular
Coronary Sinus
Inferior Vena Cava
Common Iliac Veins
54
Q

Differences in Artery & Vein distributions

A

1 artery leaves LV, 3 veins enter RA
Arteries are deep, veins are mostly superficial
Usually have several parallel veins rather that 1 large vein
2 unusual venous drainage areas in body: dural sinuses, hepatic portal system

55
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Receives blood from body regions superior and diaphram (except heart)
Formed by L and R Brachiocephalic veins

56
Q

Brachiocephalic veins

A

Formed by internal jugular and subclavian

57
Q

Internal Jugular

A

Receives blood from upper limb

58
Q

External Jugular

A

Receives blood from scalp and parts of face

59
Q

Coronary sinus

A

Drains blood that supplies heart muscle

60
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Returns blood from all areas inferior to diaphragm

Formed by union of common iliac veins

61
Q

Common Iliac Veins

A

Returns blood from lower limbs

62
Q

Upper Limb Veins

A 
Palmar Arches
Radial Vein
Ulnar Vein
Brachial Vein
Axillary Vein
Cephalic Vein
Basilic Vein
Subclavian Vein
63
Q

Palmar Arches

A

deep and superficial

receive blood from hand

64
Q

Cephalic vein

A

joins axillary vein

65
Q

basilic vein

A

joins brachial vein at start of axillary vein

66
Q

Veins of lower limbs

A 
Anterior Tibial Vein
Posterior Tibial Vein
Popliteal Vein
Femoral Vein
External Iliac Vein
Internal Iliac Vein
Common Iliac Vein
Great Saphenous Vein
67
Q

Common Iliac Vein

A

Empties into inferior vena cava

68
Q

Great Saphenous Vein

A

empties into femoral vein form medial lower leg

69
Q

Blood Vessel Disorders

A 
Hemorrhoids 
Deep vein thrombosis
Varicose Veins
Aneurysm 
Arteriosclerosis
70
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Blood pooling in veins of anal canal

71
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Clot formation in vein of lower extremity which travels and blocks flow in another vessel

72
Q

Varicose Veins

A

Faulty venous valves cause blood pooling

Common in obesity and pregnancy

73
Q

Aneurysm

A

Saclike widening of a vessel increasing risk of rupture

Very dangerous in brain

74
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Pathological thickening and loss of elasticity
Medial Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis

75
Q

Medial Arteriosclerosis

A

Occurs with age

Smooth muscle and elastin replaced with fibrous tissue

76
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Occurs in Tunica Intima
Initially caused by entrance of LDL into intimal layer which eventually causes plaque formation
Eventually thrombosis forms and can block arteries
Best prevention is low-fat diet and exercise

KIN Exam 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions