Chapter 20 Flashcards

Question

primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)

Answer 1

``` bone cancer neural differentiation like Ewing Sarcoma homer-wright rosettes similar to medulloblastoma but not in CNS periosteum: onion-skinning, sunburst femur 10-20 Caucasian males ```

Answer 2

arthritis like pain mets to lungs thin shell of cortex remains knee

Answer 3

``` MC joint disorder degeneration of articular cartilage subchondral changes are secondary mechanical and genetic causes not always inflammation present worse in morning for a short time Heberden's node at DIP joint NO ankylosis Females: knee & hands males: hips traumatic/deformity --> can occur in kids ```

Answer 4

``` autoimmune inflammatory Anti-CCP antibodies rheumatoid factor Pannus ulnar deviation Ankylosis present symmetric MCP & PIP bouchards nodes females 10-40 ```

Answer 5

immune-mediated large joints <16 years (MC 1-6)

Answer 6

NOT +RF +HLA-B27 P.E.A.R. (psoriatic arthritis, enteropathic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis)

Answer 7

``` aka marie-strumpell disease morning stiffness > 30 min nocturnal LBP +HLA-B27 Axial skeleton: gluteal pain referral syndesmophytes: bamboo spine ```

Answer 8

abnormal purine metabolism -- inc uric acid Tophus/Tophi primary = hyperuricemia secondary = co-morbid or drug exposure chronic tophaceous arthritis = doesnt resolve, can die of gouty nephropathy MC hallux = podagra males

Answer 9

``` CPPD/CPDD altered pyrophosphate metabolism sporadic pyrophosphate crystal deposition knee, wrist, shoulder >50 years ```

Answer 10

bacterial arthritis knee N. gonorrhoeae = sexually active females, subacute course, polyarthicular

Answer 11

borrelia burgdorferi | migratory joint pain

Answer 12

no communication with joint | wrist: joint capsule/tendon sheath

Answer 13

communicates with joint | baker cyst: popliteal

Answer 14

- genetic mutation promotes growth - diffuse: lg joints=knee, PAIN, finger-like projections - localized: small joints=hand, MC soft tissue tumor of hand, PAINLESS - 20-50 years

Answer 15

 ANY non-epithelial tissue except: bone, cartilage, CNS, hematopoietic or lymphoid tissue INCLUDES PNS  Benign 100x MC than malignant  EXCEPT SKELETAL MS  Soft tissue sarcomas disproportionally aggressive (<1% Dx but 2% of ca-related death)  MC in lower extremities (thigh)

Answer 16

MC soft tissue tumor of adults

Answer 17

 Malignant soft tissue tumor  May mets to LUNGS  Mutation: degradation of p53  Deep soft tissues: retroperitoneum, thigh

Answer 18

soft tissue tumor  Reactive fibroblastic mass  Non-neoplastic; self-limited Volar/palm brachium

Answer 19

``` soft tissue tumor  Reactive, metaplastic bone  Proximal extremity muscles (MC)  Adolescent athletes = 2⁰ to trauma  DDx: osteosarcoma ```

Answer 20

``` benign soft tissue tumor  Disfiguring, painful, commonly recur 1. Superficial: superficial fascia, deformation Dupuytren contracture, Peyronie disease (MC 40-70 yrs) 2. Deep/desmoid tumors: MC abdominal Aggressive, locally destructive, Gardner syndrome: genetic mutation, multiple deep fibromatoses, intestinal polyposis, osteomas ```

Answer 21

malignant soft tissue tumor herringbone pattern of cells 25% mets to lungs 50% recur after excision deep tissues: thigh, retroperitoneum, knee originates in soft tissue then invades bone

Answer 22

malignant skeletal muscle tumor  Rhabdomyoblasts: skeletal muscle precursor  MC pediatric soft tissue sarcoma  Occurs in areas w minimal skeletal ms: Head/neck (MC),  2/3 kids cured  Adults: poor prognosis

Answer 23

benign smooth muscle tumor  Found anywhere with smooth ms cells  MC fibroids in Uterus,

Answer 24

malignant smooth muscle tumor  ‘cigar-shaped nuclei’  Females MC  Found in deep, extremities, retroperitoneum

Answer 25

malignant smooth muscle tumor knee aggressive, invasive

Answer 26

Dysostosis