chapter 20 Flashcards
Penicillin was considered a “miracle drug” for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
It was the first antibiotic. It doesn't affect eukaryotic cells. It inhibits gram-positive cell wall synthesis. It has selective toxicity. It kills bacteria.
It was the first antibiotic.
A drug that inhibits mitosis, such as griseofulvin, would be more effective against
Gram-positive bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria. Fungi. Wall-less bacteria. Mycobacteria.
Fungi.
Most of the available antimicrobial agents are effective against
Viruses. Bacteria. Fungi. Protozoa. All of these.
Bacteria.
Antimicrobial peptides work by
Inhibiting protein synthesis. Disrupting the plasma membrane. Complementary base pairing with DNA. Inhibiting cell-wall synthesis. Hydrolyzing peptidoglycan.
Disrupting the plasma membrane.
In what way are semisynthetic penicillins and natural penicillins alike?
Both are broad spectrum. Both are resistant to penicillinase. Both are resistant to stomach acids. Both are bactericidal. Both are based on -lactam.
Both are based on -lactam.
Which of the following antibiotics is NOT bactericidal?
Aminoglycosides Cephalosporins Polyenes Rifampins Penicillin
Polyenes
Which one of the following does NOT belong with the others?
Bacitracin Cephalosporin Monobactam Penicillin Streptomycin
Streptomycin
Figure 20.1
The antibiotic tetracycline binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome as shown in Figure 20.1. The effect is to
Prevent attachment of tRNA. Prevent peptide bond formation. Prevent transcription. Stop the ribosome from moving along the mRNA. Prevent attachment of tRNA and mRNA.
Prevent peptide bond formation.
Figure 20.2
The antibiotic cycloheximide binds to the 60S subunit of the ribosome as shown in Figure 20.2. The effect is to
Prevent mRNA-ribosome binding in eukaryotes.
Prevent peptide bond formation in prokaryotes.
Prevent polypeptide elongation in eukaryotes.
Prevent transcription in prokaryotes.
Prevent ribosome formation in bacteria.
Prevent polypeptide elongation in eukaryotes.
Which of these antimicrobial agents has the fewest side effects?
Streptomycin Tetracycline Penicillin Erythromycin Chloramphenicol
Penicillin
Which of the following drugs does NOT act by competitive inhibition?
Ethambutol Isoniazid Streptomycin Sulfonamide Tetracycline
Streptomycin
Which of the following methods of action would be bacteriostatic?
Competitive inhibition with folic acid synthesis Inhibition of RNA synthesis Injury to plasma membrane Inhibition of cell wall synthesis Competitive inhibition with DNA gyrase
Inhibition of RNA synthesis
Which of the following antibiotics is recommended for use against gram-negative bacteria?
Polyenes Bacitracin Cephalosporin Penicillin Polymyxin
Polymyxin
Which of the following antimicrobial agents is recommended for use against fungal infections?
Amphotericin B Bacitracin Cephalosporin Penicillin Polymyxin
Amphotericin B
In Table 20.1, the minimal bactericidal concentration of antibiotic X is
2 g/ml. 10 g/ml. 15 g/ml. 25 g/ml. Can't tell.
15 g/ml.
In Table 20.1, the minimal inhibitory concentration of antibiotic X is
2 g/ml. 10 g/ml. 15 g/ml. 25 g/ml. Can't tell.
10 g/ml.
More than half of our antibiotics are
Produced by fungi. Produced by bacteria. Synthesized in laboratories. Produced by Fleming. Produced by eukaryotic organisms.
Produced by bacteria.
Figure 20.3
The antibiotic chloramphenicol binds to the 50S subunit of the ribosome as shown in Figure 20.3. The effect is to
Prevent attachment of tRNA.
Prevent peptide bond formation.
Prevent transcription.
Stop the ribosome from moving along the mRNA.
Prevent polypeptide formation in eukaryotes.
Prevent attachment of tRNA.
Figure 20.4
The antibiotic streptomycin binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome as shown in Figure 20.4. The effect is to
Cause misreading of mRNA in 70S ribosomes.
Prevent binding of tRNA in eukaryotes.
Prevent polypeptide elongation in eukaryotes.
Prevent peptide bond formation in prokaryotes.
Prevent binding of tRNA in eukaryotes.
Cause misreading of mRNA in 70S ribosomes.
Which compound would be the most useful to treat candidiasis?
Uracil Thymine Flucytosine Guanine Penicillin
Flucytosine
Which of the following antibiotics are used to treat fungal infections?
1, 2, and 3 3 and 4 3, 4, and 5 4 and 5 All of the antibiotics
3 and 4
Which of the following antibiotics does NOT interfere with cell wall synthesis?
Cephalosporins Macrolides Natural penicillins Semisynthetic penicillins Vancomycin
Macrolides
The antimicrobial drugs with the broadest spectrum of activity are
Aminoglycosides. Chloramphenicol. Lincomycin. Macrolides. Tetracyclines.
Tetracyclines.
Which of the following statements is false?
Fluoroquinolone inhibits DNA synthesis.
Acyclovir inhibits DNA synthesis.
Amantadine inhibits release of viral nucleic acid.
Interferon inhibits glycolysis.
Azoles inhibit plasma membrane synthesis.
Interferon inhibits glycolysis.
Protozoan and helminthic diseases are difficult to treat because
Their cells are structurally and functionally similar to human cells. They replicate inside human cells. They don't have ribosomes. They don't reproduce. They have more genes than bacteria.
Their cells are structurally and functionally similar to human cells.
Which of the following organisms would most likely be sensitive to natural penicillin?
L forms Streptococcus pyogenes Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae Penicillium Mycoplasma
Streptococcus pyogenes
Which of the following statements about drug resistance is false?
It may be carried on a plasmid.
It may be transferred from one bacterium to another during conjugation.
It may be due to enzymes that degrade some antibiotics.
It is found only in gram-negative bacteria.
It may be due to increased uptake of a drug.
It is found only in gram-negative bacteria.
Which of the following does NOT constitute an advantage of using two antibiotics together?
It can prevent drug resistance.
It lessens the toxicity of individual drugs.
Two are always twice as effective as one.
It allows treatment to be provided prior to diagnosis.
All of these are advantages.
Two are always twice as effective as one.
Drug resistance occurs
Because bacteria are normal microbiota.
When antibiotics are used indiscriminately.
Against antibiotics and not against synthetic chemotherapeutic agents.
When antibiotics are taken after the symptoms disappear.
All of these.
When antibiotics are used indiscriminately.
In Table 20.2, the most effective antibiotic tested was
A. B. C. D. Can't tell.
D.
In Table 20.2, the antibiotic that exhibited bactericidal action was
A. B. C. D. Can't tell.
Can’t tell.
In Table 20.2, which antibiotic would be most useful for treating a Salmonella infection?
A B C D Can't tell.
Can’t tell.
Which of the following would be selective against the tubercle bacillus?
Bacitracin - inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
Ethambutol - inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
Streptogramin - inhibits protein synthesis
Streptomycin - inhibits protein synthesis
Vancomycin - inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis
Ethambutol - inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
In the presence of penicillin, a cell dies because
It lacks a cell wall. It plasmolyzes. It undergoes osmotic lysis. It lacks a cell membrane. Its contents leak out.
It undergoes osmotic lysis.
Lamisil is an allylamine used to treat dermatomycoses. Lamisil’s method of action is similar to that of
Polymyxin B. Azole antibiotics. Echinocandins. Griseofulvin. Bacitracin.
Azole antibiotics.
Niclosamide prevents ATP generation in mitochondria. You would expect this drug to be effective against
Gram-negative bacteria. Gram-positive bacteria. Helminths. Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Viruses.
Helminths.
Table 20.3
The following data were obtained from a broth dilution test:
The data in Table 20.3 show that these bacteria
Can be subcultured.
Developed resistance to antibiotics.
Were killed by 0.125 g/ml of antibiotic X.
Were killed by 0.5 g/ml of antibiotic X.
Were resistant to 1.0 g/ml at the start of the experiment.
Developed resistance to antibiotics.
Which of the following statements about drugs that competitively inhibit DNA polymerase or RNA polymerase is false?
They cause mutations. They are used against viral infections. They can affect host cell DNA. They are too dangerous to use. They interfere with protein synthesis.
They are too dangerous to use.
Figure 20.5
The substrate for transpeptidase used to synthesize peptidoglycan is shown in Figure 20.5. Which of the drugs shown would inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis?
a b c d e
d
Figure 20.6
The structures of the influenza drug Tamiflu and sialic acid, the substrate for influenza virus s neuramidase, are shown in Figure 20.6. What is the method of action of Tamiflu?
Inhibits cell wall synthesis Inhibits plasma membrane synthesis Inhibits synthesis of neuramidase Competitive inhibition Prevents synthesis of virus spikes
Competitive inhibition
Which of the following does NOT affect eukaryotic cells?
Antiprotozoan drugs Antihelminthic drugs Antifungal drugs Nucleotide analogs Semisynthetic penicillins
Semisynthetic penicillins
Mebendazole is used to treat cestode infections. It interferes with microtubule formation; therefore, it would NOT affect
Bacteria. Fungi. Helminths. Human cells. Protozoa.
Bacteria.
Which of the following antibiotics causes misreading of mRNA?
Aminoglycoside - changes shape of 30S units
Chloramphenicol - inhibits peptide bonds at 50S subunit
Oxazolidinone - prevents formation of 70S ribosome
Streptogamin - prevents release of peptide from 70S ribosome
Tetracyclines - bind with 30S subunit
Aminoglycoside - changes shape of 30S units
The antibiotic actinomycin D binds between adjacent G-C pairs, thus interfering with
Transcription. Translation. Cellular respiration. Plasma membrane function. Peptide bond formation.
Transcription.
Use of antibiotics in animal feed leads to antibiotic-resistant bacteria because
Bacteria from other animals replace those killed by the antibiotics.
The few surviving bacteria that are affected by the antibiotics develop immunity to the antibiotics, which they pass on to their progeny.
The antibiotics cause new mutations to occur in the surviving bacteria, which results in resistance to antibiotics.
The antibiotics kill susceptible bacteria, but the few that are naturally resistant live and reproduce, and their progeny repopulate the host animal.
The antibiotics persist in soil and water.
The antibiotics kill susceptible bacteria, but the few that are naturally resistant live and reproduce, and their progeny repopulate the host animal.
