16 17 Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
Antibodies are produced in cells called
A
plasma cells.
2
Q
Lymphocytes that develop immunocompetence in the thymus are
A
T lymphocytes
3
Q
Which of the following is NOT one of the cardinal signs of inflammation?
A
Opsonization
4
Q
Which of the following is not an innate defense mechanism of the body?
A
B lymphocytes
5
Q
The classical and alternate pathway for complement fixation converge at
A
cleaving complement protein C3 into C3a and C3b
6
Q
Neutrophils squeeze through capillary walls to begin phagocytosis is process called
A
Diapedesis
7
Q
A “foreign” molecule which can invoke the immune response is called a(n)
A
antigen
8
Q
All of the following are names of antigen-presenting cells except
A
T-lymphocytes.
9
Q
CD8 receptor proteins are found on helper T cells.
A
False
10
Q
The cell that matures in the thymus gland later produces antibodies
A
False
11
Q
All the following are true of IgG except
it can pass through placenta to the fetus.
it is an important factor of the secondary antibody response.
it is the major circulating antibody.
it is critically important in allergic reaction.
A
it is critically important in allergic reaction.
12
Q
Small molecules, such as peptides, nucleotides, and some hormones that are not immunogenic are called as haptens
A
True
13
Q
Movement of WBC towards the site of infection due to increase concentration of chemical substances is called diapedesis
A
False
14
Q
Which of the complement proteins promote inflammation? C4bC2a C3b C5a C5b both b and d are correct
A
C5a
15
Q
The first antibody produced in a any infection is: IgA. IgM. IgG. IgD. Ig E
A
IgM
16
Q
Colostrum (mother’s initial milk) contains which of the following antibodies. IgA. IgM. IgG. IgD. Ig E
A
IgA
17
Q
Redness, heat, swelling , and pain and loss of functions are
characteristic signs of inflammation.
effects of exotoxins on the body.
side effects of anti-inflammatory drugs.
signs of immunosuppression
A
characteristic signs of inflammation
18
Q
A foreign molecule which can invoke immune response is called an antigen
A
True
19
Q
In an alternate pathway of complement activation, antigen is bonded with proteins B,D and P that splits complement C5 into C5a and C5b
A
False
20
Q
An immunoglobulin that peaks early in infection is monomeric type
A
False
21
Q
Stomach mucosae secrete concentrated HCl and protein-digesting enzymes. This mechanism of defense system can be classified as adaptive immune system.
A
False
22
Q
Kupffer cells are the types of macrophage that reside in the liver
A
True
23
Q
Neutrophils are those leukocytes that function in the production of antibodies. as manufacturers of coagulase. as phagocytes in body resistance. to neutralize acidic environments
A
as phagocytes in body resistance.
24
Q
CD8 receptor proteins are found on helper T cells. macrophages. cytotoxic T cells. plasma cells.
A
cytotoxic T cells.
25
The cell that matures in the thymus gland
localizes in the skin tissues.
becomes a plasma cell.
is responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
produces antibodies.
is responsible for cell-mediated immunity
26
```
Which one of the following is not an antigen?
Components of bacterial capsules
Flagella proteins
Pilus protein
Haptens
```
Haptens
27
Haptens are poor stimulators of immunity because haptens may be
unable to accomplish capping.
too small to recognize the antigens at the receptor sites.
unable to locate the proper B cell.
easily digested by the phagocytes.
too small to recognize the antigens at the receptor sites.
28
```
Macrophages are involved in
presenting antigen fragments to T cells.
phagocytosis.
destroying antigen-antibody complexes.
All the above (A-C) are correct
```
All the above (A-C) are correct
29
```
Macrophages are involved in
presenting antigen fragments to T cells.
phagocytosis.
production of antibodies
both a and b are correct
```
both a and b are correct
30
```
The first antibody produced in a primary antibody response is
IgG.
IgM.
IgA.
IgD.
```
IgM
31
```
Passive immunity can
involve an injection of antibodies.
be acquired by a child from its mother.
be administered with a convalescent serum (a patient who is recovering after an infection).
All the above (A-C) are correct.
```
All the above (A-C) are correct.
32
```
An individual generally acquires natural active immunity after
an injection of IgG.
an infusion of T lymphocytes.
a blood transfusion.
suffering an illness.
```
suffering an illness.
33
Active immunity develops after
antigens enter the body and induce an immune response.
antiserum is injected into the body.
antibodies pass across the placenta to the fetus.
antibodies pass in the colostrum to the newborn.
antigens enter the body and induce an immune response.
34
```
A child receiving antibodies in the colostrum during nursing has acquired immunity that is
passive and active.
natural and artificial.
passive and natural.
artificial and passive.
```
passive and natural.
35
```
Innate immunity is the same as
natural passive immunity.
acquired active immunity.
nonspecific defense.
specific immunity
```
nonspecific defense.
36
```
IgE is the antibody involved in _______ hypersensitivity.
type I
cellular
immune complex
type II
```
type I
37
Transplanted tissue is rejected by the body if the
grafted tissue is an autograft.
blood types of donor and recipient are the same.
immune system interprets the tissue to be nonself.
donor and recipient of the transplant are identical twins.
immune system interprets the tissue to be nonself.
38
List the classes of immunoglobulin molecules
IgA, IgD, IgE, IgM, IgG
39
Serum proteins that bind to Ab stem of Antigen–Antibody complex; causing cell lysis are called
complement proteins
40
List the types of self antigen molecules
MHC-I , MHC-II
41
CD4 cells interacts with ____ self antigen on APC cells membrane and display antigenic peptide for recognition by CD4 cells.
MHC-II
42
```
What type of immunity results from vaccination?
Innate immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
```
Artificially acquired active immunity
43
```
What type of immunity results from transfer of antibodies from one individual to a susceptible individual by means of injection?
Innate immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
```
Artificially acquired passive immunity
44
```
What type of immunity results from recovery from mumps?
Innate immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
```
Naturally acquired active immunity
45
```
Newborns' immunity due to the transfer of antibodies across the placenta is an example of
Innate immunity.
Naturally acquired active immunity.
Naturally acquired passive immunity.
Artificially acquired active immunity.
Artificially acquired passive immunity.
```
Naturally acquired passive immunity.
46
```
What type of immunity is NOT due to antibodies?
Innate immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
```
Innate immunity
47
```
What type of immunity results from injection of tetanus toxoid?
Innate immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Artificially acquired active immunity
Artificially acquired passive immunity
```
Artificially acquired active immunity
48
```
Immunity due to injection of an antigen is an example of
Innate immunity.
Naturally acquired active immunity.
Naturally acquired passive immunity.
Artificially acquired active immunity.
Artificially acquired passive immunity.
```
Artificially acquired active immunity.
49
```
CD4+ T cells are activated by
Interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
Interaction between TCRs and MHC II.
Cytokines released by dendtritic cells.
Cytokines released by B cells.
Complement.
```
Interaction between CD4+ and MHC II.
50
```
Which of the following recognizes antigens displayed on host cells with MHC II?
TC cell
B cell
TH cell
Natural killer cell
Basophil
```
TH cell
51
The specificity of an antibody is due to
Its valence.
The H chains.
The L chains.
The constant portions of the H and L chains.
The variable portions of the H and L chains
The variable portions of the H and L chains
52
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of B cells?
They originate in bone marrow.
They have antibodies on their surfaces.
They are responsible for the memory response.
They are responsible for antibody formation.
They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.
They recognize antigens associated with MHC I.
53
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular immunity?
The cells originate in bone marrow.
Cells are processed in the thymus gland.
It can inhibit the immune response.
B cells make antibodies.
T cells react with antigens
B cells make antibodies.
54
```
Plasma cells are activated by a(n)
Antigen.
T cell.
B cell.
Memory cell.
APC.
```
Antigen.
55
The antibodies found in mucus, saliva, and tears are
IgG. IgM.
IgA. IgD.
IgE.
IgA
56
The antibodies found on B cells are
IgG. IgM.
IgA. IgD.
IgE.
IgD
57
The antibodies that can bind to large parasites are
IgG. IgM.
IgA. IgD.
IgE.
IgE
58
In addition to IgG, the antibodies that can fix complement are
IgG. IgM.
IgA. IgD.
IgE.
IgM
59
Large antibodies that agglutinate antigens are
IgG. IgM.
IgA. IgD.
IgE.
IgM
60
The most abundant class of antibodies in serum is
IgG. IgM.
IgA. IgD.
IgE.
IgG
61
The best definition of antigen is
Something foreign in the body.
A chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies.
A chemical that combines with antibodies.
A pathogen.
A protein that combines with antibodies.
A chemical that elicits an antibody response and can combine with these antibodies.
62
The best definition antibody is
A serum protein.
A protein that inactivates or kills an antigen.
A protein made in response to an antigen that can combine with that antigen.
An immunoglobulin.
A protein that combines with a protein or carbohydrate
A protein made in response to an antigen that can combine with that antigen.
63
Chemicals liberated by the inflammatory response increase the permeability of local capillaries to release some fluid out in the tissue space, which is thick (rich in protein) called exudates
.
64
Alternative pathway is triggered by interaction among antigen and antibody complexes and complement proteins in plasma
.
65
The first line of defense, such as our intact skin and mucous membrane, prevent the entry of microorganisms in the body.
.
66
Complement proteins in the plasma can be activated by two pathways called direct and indirect.
.
67
Both pathways converge on complement protein C3, which cleaves more complement proteins to initiates the formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC), which allows the binding of bacterial membrane with antibodies and makes phagocytes to engulf them.
.
68
Humoral immunity is the same as cellular immunity, provided by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
.
69
Immature lymphocytes released from bone marrow are essentially identical. Whether a lymphocyte matures into a B cell or a T cell depends on where in the body it becomes immunocompetent. In humans, the B cells mature in the bursa found in the neck while T cells mature in the thyroid gland.
.
70
Secondary immune response occurs upon re-exposure to the same antigen. Sensitized memory cells respond within hours. Antibody levels peak in 2 to 3 days at much higher levels than in the primary response. Antibodies bind with greater affinity (strongly), and their levels in the blood can remain high for weeks to months.
.
71
_________ is the property of lymphocytes that prevents them from attacking the body's own cells.
Immunocompetence
Immunological memory
Antigenicity
Self-tolerance
Self-tolerance
72
Class I Hypersensitivity-Antibody dependent complement mediated cytotoxicity
Class II Hypersensitivity - Delayed hypersensitivity
Class III Hypersensitivity - Immune complex disease
Class IV Hypersensitivity - Immediate type
..
73
Class I Induration
Class II Anaphylaxis
Class III Glomerulonephritis
Class IV Mismatch blood transfusion
.
