chapter 18 Flashcards
All of the following are generally used in vaccines EXCEPT toxoids. parts of bacterial cells. live, attenuated bacteria. inactivated viruses. antibodies.
antibodies.
Patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus? agglutination hemagglutination complement fixation hemolysis hemagglutination-inhibition
hemagglutination-inhibition
A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
The patient may have the disease.
The patient may have had the disease and has recovered.
The patient may have been vaccinated.
A recent transfusion may have passively introduced the antibodies.
The patient was near someone who had the disease.
The patient was near someone who had the disease.
In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up. Tube #1 contained a 1:2 dilution; tube #2, a 1:4, etc. If tube #6 is the last tube showing agglutination, what is the antibody titer? 6 1:6 64 1:32 32
64
An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity. This means that the test
detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.
detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results.
detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results.
detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results.
detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.
detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.
Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing?
vaccinated animals
monoclonal antibodies
viral cultures
vaccinated animals and monoclonal antibodies
vaccinated animals, monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures
vaccinated animals and monoclonal antibodies
A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen-forming lattices is called a(n) agglutination reaction. complement fixation. immunofluorescence. neutralization reaction. precipitation reaction.
precipitation reaction.
A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n) agglutination reaction. complement fixation. immunofluorescence. neutralization reaction. precipitation reaction.
agglutination reaction
A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to indicate an antigenantibody reaction is called a(n) agglutination reaction. complement fixation. immunofluorescence. neutralization reaction. precipitation reaction.
complement fixation.
Toxoid vaccines, such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, elicit a(n)
TC cell response.
immune complex.
dendritic cell proliferation.
antibody response against these bacterial toxins.
antibody response against gram-positive bacteria.
antibody response against these bacterial toxins.
The clumping of test cells indicates a negative test result in the direct agglutination test. indirect agglutination test. complement-fixation test. precipitation test. viral hemagglutination inhibition test.
viral hemagglutination inhibition test.
Purified protein from Bordetella pertussis is used in a(n) conjugated vaccine. subunit vaccine. nucleic acid vaccine. attenuated whole-agent vaccine. toxoid vaccine.
subunit vaccine.
What type of vaccine is the live measles virus? conjugated vaccine subunit vaccine nucleic acid vaccine attenuated whole-agent vaccine toxoid vaccine
attenuated whole-agent vaccine
A test used to identify antibodies against Treponema pallidum in a patient's serum is the direct fluorescent-antibody test. indirect fluorescent-antibody test. direct agglutination test. direct ELISA test. hemagglutination-inhibition test.
indirect fluorescent-antibody test.
A test used to identify Streptococcus pyogenes in a patient's throat swab is the direct fluorescent-antibody test. indirect fluorescent-antibody test. hemagglutination test. hemagglutination-inhibition test. indirect ELISA test.
direct fluorescent-antibody test.
Which of the following is a pregnancy test used to find the fetal hormone HCG in a woman's urine using anti-HCG and latex spheres? direct agglutination reaction indirect agglutination reaction immunofluorescence neutralization reaction precipitation reaction
indirect agglutination reaction
Which of the following is a test to determine a patient's blood type by mixing the patient's red blood cells with antisera? direct agglutination reaction passive agglutination reaction immunofluorescence neutralization reaction precipitation reaction
direct agglutination reaction
A patient’s serum, Mycobacterium, guinea pig complement, sheep red blood cells, and anti-sheep red blood cell antibodies are mixed in a test tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies to Mycobacterium? Bacteria fluoresce. Hemagglutination occurs. Hemagglutination-inhibition occurs. Hemolysis occurs. No hemolysis occurs.
No hemolysis occurs.
Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n) conjugated vaccine. subunit vaccine. nucleic acid vaccine. inactivated whole-agent vaccine. toxoid vaccine.
toxoid vaccine.
A hybridoma results from the fusion of a(an) B cell with a T cell. B cell with a myeloma cell. antigen with an antibody. antigen with a B cell. myeloma cell with a virus.
B cell with a myeloma cell.
Antibody Titer Day 1 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 Patient A 0 0 256 512 Patient B 128 256 512 1024 Patient C 0 0 0 0 Patient D 128 128 128 128
In Table 18.1, who is most likely protected from the disease? Patient A Patient B Patient C Patient D
Patient D
In Table 18.1, who showed seroconversion during these observations? Patient A Patient B Patient C Patient D
Patient A
Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n) inactivated whole-agent vaccine. attenuated whole-agent vaccine. conjugated vaccine. subunit vaccine. toxoid vaccine.
conjugated vaccine.
Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n) inactivated whole-agent vaccine. attenuated whole-agent vaccine. conjugated vaccine. subunit vaccine. toxoid vaccine.
inactivated whole-agent vaccine.
Hepatitis B virus surface antigen can be used in a(n) inactivated whole-agent vaccine. attenuated whole-agent vaccine. conjugated vaccine. subunit vaccine. toxoid vaccine.
subunit vaccine.
Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses
True
Blood typing tests are examples of hemagglutination reactions.
True
A positive complement-fixation test in indicated by the lysis of the sheep red blood cells added in the indicator phase of the test.
False
The home pregnancy test kit is an example of a direct ELISA.
True
