chapter 18

Question 1

All of the following are generally used in vaccines EXCEPT
 toxoids.
 parts of bacterial cells.
 live, attenuated bacteria.
 inactivated viruses.
 antibodies.

Answer 1

antibodies.

Question 2

Patient's serum, influenza virus, and red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza virus?
 agglutination
 hemagglutination
 complement fixation
 hemolysis
 hemagglutination-inhibition

Answer 2

hemagglutination-inhibition

Question 3

A patient shows the presence of antibodies against diphtheria toxin. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
The patient may have the disease.
The patient may have had the disease and has recovered.
The patient may have been vaccinated.
A recent transfusion may have passively introduced the antibodies.
The patient was near someone who had the disease.

Answer 3

The patient was near someone who had the disease.

Question 4

In an agglutination test, eight serial dilutions to determine antibody titer were set up. Tube #1 contained a 1:2 dilution; tube #2, a 1:4, etc. If tube #6 is the last tube showing agglutination, what is the antibody titer?
 6
 1:6
 64
 1:32
 32

Answer 4

64

Question 5

An ELISA for Hepatitis C has 95 percent sensitivity and 90 percent specificity. This means that the test
detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.
detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results.
detects 90 percent of the true positive samples and has 5 percent false positive results.
detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 90 percent false positive results.
detects 5 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.

Answer 5

detects 95 percent of the true positive samples and has 10 percent false positive results.

Question 6

Which of the following are sources of antibodies for serological testing?
vaccinated animals
monoclonal antibodies
viral cultures
vaccinated animals and monoclonal antibodies
vaccinated animals, monoclonal antibodies, and viral cultures

Answer 6

vaccinated animals and monoclonal antibodies

Question 7

A reaction between an antibody and soluble antigen-forming lattices is called a(n)
 agglutination reaction.
 complement fixation.
 immunofluorescence.
 neutralization reaction.
 precipitation reaction.

Answer 7

precipitation reaction.

Question 8

A reaction between antibody and particulate antigen is called a(n)
 agglutination reaction.
 complement fixation.
 immunofluorescence.
 neutralization reaction.
 precipitation reaction.

Answer 8

agglutination reaction

Question 9

A reaction that uses the absence of hemolysis of red blood cells to indicate an antigenantibody reaction is called a(n)
 agglutination reaction.
 complement fixation.
 immunofluorescence.
 neutralization reaction.
 precipitation reaction.

Answer 9

complement fixation.

Question 10

Toxoid vaccines, such as the vaccines against diphtheria and tetanus, elicit a(n)
TC cell response.
immune complex.
dendritic cell proliferation.
antibody response against these bacterial toxins.
antibody response against gram-positive bacteria.

Answer 10

antibody response against these bacterial toxins.

Question 11

The clumping of test cells indicates a negative test result in the
 direct agglutination test.
 indirect agglutination test.
 complement-fixation test.
 precipitation test.
 viral hemagglutination inhibition test.

Answer 11

viral hemagglutination inhibition test.

Question 12

Purified protein from Bordetella pertussis is used in a(n)
 conjugated vaccine.
 subunit vaccine.
 nucleic acid vaccine.
 attenuated whole-agent vaccine.
 toxoid vaccine.

Answer 12

subunit vaccine.

Question 13

What type of vaccine is the live measles virus?
 conjugated vaccine
 subunit vaccine
 nucleic acid vaccine
 attenuated whole-agent vaccine
 toxoid vaccine

Answer 13

attenuated whole-agent vaccine

Question 14

A test used to identify antibodies against Treponema pallidum in a patient's serum is the
 direct fluorescent-antibody test.
 indirect fluorescent-antibody test.
 direct agglutination test.
 direct ELISA test.
 hemagglutination-inhibition test.

Answer 14

indirect fluorescent-antibody test.

Question 15

A test used to identify Streptococcus pyogenes in a patient's throat swab is the
 direct fluorescent-antibody test.
 indirect fluorescent-antibody test.
 hemagglutination test.
 hemagglutination-inhibition test.
 indirect ELISA test.

Answer 15

direct fluorescent-antibody test.

Question 16

Which of the following is a pregnancy test used to find the fetal hormone HCG in a woman's urine using anti-HCG and latex spheres?
 direct agglutination reaction
 indirect agglutination reaction
 immunofluorescence
 neutralization reaction
 precipitation reaction

Answer 16

indirect agglutination reaction

Question 17

Which of the following is a test to determine a patient's blood type by mixing the patient's red blood cells with antisera?
 direct agglutination reaction
 passive agglutination reaction
 immunofluorescence
 neutralization reaction
 precipitation reaction

Answer 17

direct agglutination reaction

Question 18

A patient’s serum, Mycobacterium, guinea pig complement, sheep red blood cells, and anti-sheep red blood cell antibodies are mixed in a test tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies to Mycobacterium?
 Bacteria fluoresce.
 Hemagglutination occurs.
 Hemagglutination-inhibition occurs.
 Hemolysis occurs.
 No hemolysis occurs.

Answer 18

No hemolysis occurs.

Question 19

Inactivated tetanus toxin is a(n)
 conjugated vaccine.
 subunit vaccine.
 nucleic acid vaccine.
 inactivated whole-agent vaccine.
 toxoid vaccine.

Answer 19

toxoid vaccine.

Question 20

A hybridoma results from the fusion of a(an)
 B cell with a T cell.
 B cell with a myeloma cell.
 antigen with an antibody.
 antigen with a B cell.
 myeloma cell with a virus.

Answer 20

B cell with a myeloma cell.

Question 21

Antibody Titer
	Day 1	Day 7	Day 14	Day 21
Patient A	0	0	256	512
Patient B	128	256	512	1024
Patient C	0	0	0	0
Patient D	128	128	128	128

 In Table 18.1, who is most likely protected from the disease?
 Patient A
 Patient B
 Patient C
 Patient D

Answer 21

Patient D

Question 22

In Table 18.1, who showed seroconversion during these observations?
Patient A
Patient B
Patient C
Patient D

Answer 22

Patient A

Question 23

Haemophilus capsule polysaccharide plus diphtheria toxoid is a(n)
 inactivated whole-agent vaccine.
 attenuated whole-agent vaccine.
 conjugated vaccine.
 subunit vaccine.
 toxoid vaccine.

Answer 23

conjugated vaccine.

Question 24

Dead Bordetella pertussis can be used in a(n)
 inactivated whole-agent vaccine.
 attenuated whole-agent vaccine.
 conjugated vaccine.
 subunit vaccine.
 toxoid vaccine.

Answer 24

inactivated whole-agent vaccine.

Question 25

Hepatitis B virus surface antigen can be used in a(n)
 inactivated whole-agent vaccine.
 attenuated whole-agent vaccine.
 conjugated vaccine.
 subunit vaccine.
 toxoid vaccine.

Answer 25

subunit vaccine.

Question 26

Adjuvants such as aluminum salts are used as additives in vaccines to enhance immune responses

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Blood typing tests are examples of hemagglutination reactions.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

A positive complement-fixation test in indicated by the lysis of the sheep red blood cells added in the indicator phase of the test.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

The home pregnancy test kit is an example of a direct ELISA.

Answer 29

True