chapter 19

Question 1

All of the following are true of hypersensitivity EXCEPT
it occurs in the presence of an antigen.
it is synonymous with “allergy.”
it occurs when an individual is exposed to an allergen for the first time.
it is due to an altered immune response.
it requires previous exposure to an antigen.

Answer 1

it occurs when an individual is exposed to an allergen for the first time.

Question 2

The chemical mediators of anaphylaxis are
 found in basophils and mast cells.
 antibodies.
 antigens.
 antigen-antibody complexes.
 the proteins of the complement system.

Answer 2

found in basophils and mast cells.

Question 3

Which of the following may result from systemic anaphylaxis?
 hay fever
 asthma
 shock
 hives
 immunodeficiency

Answer 3

shock

Question 4

Which antibodies will be in the serum of a person with blood type B, Rh+?
 anti-A, anti-B, anti-Rh
 anti-A, anti-Rh
 anti-A
 anti-B, anti-Rh
 anti-B

Answer 4

anti-A

Question 5

Which of the following types of transplant is least compatible?
autograft
allograft
isograft
xenotransplant
All of these types of tranplant are equally compatible.

Answer 5

xenotransplant

Question 6

Graft-versus-host disease will most likely be a complication of a(n)
skin graft.
bone marrow transplant.
blood transfusion.
Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus.
corneal transplant.

Answer 6

bone marrow transplant.

Question 7

A positive tuberculin skin test is an example of
 delayed cell-mediated immunity.
 autoimmunity.
 acute contact dermatitis.
 psoriasis.
 innate immunity.

Answer 7

delayed cell-mediated immunity.

Question 8

A healthy immune system destroys cancer cells with 
 tumor-specific antigens.
 CTLs.
 CTLs and activated macrophages. 
 activated macrophages.
 CD+ T cells.

Answer 8

CTLs and activated macrophages.

Question 9

The symptoms of an immune complex reaction are due to
 destruction of the antigen.
 complement fixation.
 phagocytosis.
 antibodies against self.
 cytokines.

Answer 9

complement fixation.

Question 10

Rheumatoid arthritis is due to deposition of
IgG and IgA complexes in joints.
IgA antibodies in joints.
IgD and IgE complexes in joints.
complement in joints.
complexes of IgM and IgG and also complement in joints.

Answer 10

complexes of IgM and IgG and also complement in joints.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about type I reactions is FALSE?
They involve helper T cells.
They involve IgE antibodies.
The symptoms are due to histamine.
Antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils.
The symptoms occur soon after exposure to an antigen.

Answer 11

They involve helper T cells.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about type IV reactions is FALSE?
Reactions are primarily due to T cell proliferation.
Reactions are not apparent for a day or more.
Cytokines initiate tissue damage.
Allergic contact dermatitis is an example.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an example.

Answer 12

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is an example.

Question 13

Treatment with certain drugs to reduce transplant rejection can cause
 immunologic enhancement.
 immunologic surveillance.
 immunotherapy.
 immunosuppression.
 autoimmunity.

Answer 13

immunosuppression.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about human embryonic stem cells is FALSE?
They express few MHC I antigens.
They express no MHC II antigens.
They are pluripotent.
They are undifferentiated.
They are typically obtained from the blastocyst stage of embryonic development.

Answer 14

They express no MHC II antigens.

Question 15

Worldwide, the primary method of transmission of HIV is 
 heterosexual intercourse.
 homosexual intercourse.
 intravenous drug use.
 blood transfusions.
 nosocomial.

Answer 15

heterosexual intercourse.

Question 16

HIV spikes attach to CD4+ receptors found on
T helper cells.
macrophages.
dendritic cells.
T helper cells and macrophages.
T helper cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Answer 16

T helper cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells.

Question 17

Anaphylaxis is the term for reactions caused when certain antigens combine with
 IgE antibodies.
 macrophages.
 IgG antibodies.  
 complement.
 histamine.

Answer 17

IgE antibodies.

Question 18

All of the following are considered examples of type I hypersensitivity EXCEPT
 asthma.
 dust allergies.
 penicillin allergic reactions.
 pollen allergies.
 transplant rejections.

Answer 18

transplant rejections.

Question 19

All of the following lead to drug-induced thrombocytopenic purpura. Which occurs first?
Antibodies and complement react with platelets.
Antibodies against haptens are formed.
Drug binds to platelets.
Platelets are destroyed.
Purpura occurs on the skin.

Answer 19

Drug binds to platelets.

Question 20

Immunodeficiencies are a result of all of the following EXCEPT
 HIV infection.
 cyclosporine.
 DiGeorge syndrome.
 Hodgkin's disease.
 autoimmune diseases.

Answer 20

autoimmune diseases.

Question 21

Which of the following describes a cytotoxic autoimmune reaction?
Antibodies react to cell-surface antigens.
Antibodies are not made.
Cells are killed.
Immune complexes form.
Mediate by T cells.

Answer 21

Antibodies react to cell-surface antigens.

Question 22

Symptoms of delayed cell-mediated reactions are due to
 IgE antibodies.
 neutrophils.
 cytokines.
 IgG antibodies.
 antigens.

Answer 22

cytokines.

Question 23

All hypersensitivities involve antibody-antigen reactions.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Skin tests are reliable indicators for the diagnosis of food-related allergies.

Answer 24

False

Question 25

Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system is unable to discriminate “self” from “nonself.”

Answer 25

True