Chapter 2 Vocabulary Flashcards
Absorption
what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it is circulating
Active Transport
The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient, bypassing the main gradient
Chemotherapeutic agents
Synthetic chemicals that are used to kill off foriegn cells in the body, usually resulting in cell death
Critical Concentration
Concentration a drug needs to reach in order to be effective within the tissues and cause a desirable effect
Distribution
Movement of the drug into the body tissues
Enzyme induction
process in which drug is biotransformed by a particular enzyme system in the liver
Excretion
The removal process primary method such as Kidney, also through the skin and other methods
first-pass effect
when drugs are given orally and are carried to the liver after absorption where they are largely inactivated by the liver before they enter general circulation
Glomular filtration
the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule
Half-life for drugs
the amount it takes for there to be 1/2 of the amount of drug as compared to the original quantity
Define Hepatic Microsomal System
intracellular structures of the hepatic cells are lined with enzymes packed together
Orally administered drugs first hit which organ?
Liver
List three drugs or chemicals that induce the hepatic enzyme system
Alcohol
Nicotine
Glucocorticoids
Define Enzyme induction
When a chemical is metabolized quickly due to an enzyme system
What happens to drugs when the liver enzyme system for a drug is not working effectively
Then the drug is not metabolized and excreeted, and the amount of drug remains high in the body, which could be toxic
Define excretion
The process of removal of a drug from the body
List 4 methods of excretion
Skin
Saliva
Lungs
Feces
Why should you always consider Kidney function and acidity of the urine when administering drugs
Because Kidneys play a major role in the excretion of drugs and poor Kidney function could mean drug is remaining in the body not being filtered out the body
List 5 Factors that influence drug absorption in humans
Weight
Age
Gender
Physiological factors (hydration, acid/base)
Pathological Affects (dieases, liver function, kidney function, blood pressure)
Drug tollerance
Interactions
What is the standard weight for drug recommendations?
150 LBs
What two age groups are important to consider for drug efficacy?
Young Children older adults
Why do men and women have different drug metabolism reactions
Men who are more muscular tend to be more vascular
Women have more fat deposits, so medications that have an affinity for fat might be absorbed for longer within the fat deposits
Pharmacogenetics
How drugs affect different people depending on their genetic makeup
How do psychological factors affect drug efficacy
If people do not have a good attitude about the drug then there is a higher likelihood that the drug is not going to work Also see placebo effect
