Chapter 2 Vocabulary

Question 1

Absorption

Answer 1

what happens to a drug from the time it enters the body until it is circulating

Question 2

Active Transport

Answer 2

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient, bypassing the main gradient

Question 3

Chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 3

Synthetic chemicals that are used to kill off foriegn cells in the body, usually resulting in cell death

Question 4

Critical Concentration

Answer 4

Concentration a drug needs to reach in order to be effective within the tissues and cause a desirable effect

Question 5

Distribution

Answer 5

Movement of the drug into the body tissues

Question 6

Enzyme induction

Answer 6

process in which drug is biotransformed by a particular enzyme system in the liver

Question 7

Excretion

Answer 7

The removal process primary method such as Kidney, also through the skin and other methods

Question 8

first-pass effect

Answer 8

when drugs are given orally and are carried to the liver after absorption where they are largely inactivated by the liver before they enter general circulation

Question 9

Glomular filtration

Answer 9

the passage of water and water-soluble components from the plasma into the renal tubule

Question 10

Half-life for drugs

Answer 10

the amount it takes for there to be 1/2 of the amount of drug as compared to the original quantity

Question 11

Define Hepatic Microsomal System

Answer 11

intracellular structures of the hepatic cells are lined with enzymes packed together

Question 12

Orally administered drugs first hit which organ?

Answer 12

Liver

Question 13

List three drugs or chemicals that induce the hepatic enzyme system

Answer 13

Alcohol
Nicotine
Glucocorticoids

Question 14

Define Enzyme induction

Answer 14

When a chemical is metabolized quickly due to an enzyme system

Question 15

What happens to drugs when the liver enzyme system for a drug is not working effectively

Answer 15

Then the drug is not metabolized and excreeted, and the amount of drug remains high in the body, which could be toxic

Question 16

Define excretion

Answer 16

The process of removal of a drug from the body

Question 17

List 4 methods of excretion

Answer 17

Skin
Saliva
Lungs
Feces

Question 18

Why should you always consider Kidney function and acidity of the urine when administering drugs

Answer 18

Because Kidneys play a major role in the excretion of drugs and poor Kidney function could mean drug is remaining in the body not being filtered out the body

Question 19

List 5 Factors that influence drug absorption in humans

Answer 19

Weight
Age
Gender
Physiological factors (hydration, acid/base)
Pathological Affects (dieases, liver function, kidney function, blood pressure)
Drug tollerance
Interactions

Question 20

What is the standard weight for drug recommendations?

Answer 20

150 LBs

Question 21

What two age groups are important to consider for drug efficacy?

Answer 21

Young Children older adults

Question 22

Why do men and women have different drug metabolism reactions

Answer 22

Men who are more muscular tend to be more vascular
Women have more fat deposits, so medications that have an affinity for fat might be absorbed for longer within the fat deposits

Question 23

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 23

How drugs affect different people depending on their genetic makeup

Question 24

How do psychological factors affect drug efficacy

Answer 24

If people do not have a good attitude about the drug then there is a higher likelihood that the drug is not going to work Also see placebo effect