Chapter 2: Variety of living organisms Flashcards
i) Plants:
All plants are…
….main distinguishing features is…
Make…
i) Plants
…multicellular (made of many cells)
…their cells contain CHLOROPLASTS and carry out PHOTOSYNTHESIS (i.e. use light energy to convert inorganic molecules, e.g water co2, into complex organic compounds)…
…starch, sucrose (sugar)
ii) Animals:
Vertebrates have…
All animals are…
They get their nutrition by…
They store carbohydrate in their cells…
ii) Animals:
…vertebral column or backbone
Vertebrates = fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals (Invertebrates don’t have backbone) …multicellular but dont contain chloroplasts so dont carry out photosynthesis…
…feeding on plants and animals …
= glycogen
iii) Fungi:
Mushrooms, toadstools and moulds….
Yeasts are
iii) Fungi:
…are multicellular .
..are unicellular
iii) Fungi:
don’t have…
do have cell walls but they are not…
iii) Fungi:
…chloroplasts (so don’t photosynthesise)
…composed of cellulose
iii) Fungi:
A mushroom or toadstool is the….
Many threadlike filaments under the mushroom are called…
iii) Fungi
…reproductive structure (called the fruiting body)
…the hyphae
iii) Fungi:
a mould is like a mushroom…
moulds feed by….
iii) Fungi:
…without the fruiting body, just the network of hyphae which is call the mycelium
…absorbing nutrients from dead material…in soil and rotting leaves, decaying fruit
iii) Fungi:
Mould spores carried by air….
The hyphae then secrete…
Breaking it down…
Eventually…
iii) Fungi:
…land on food and grow into a mycelium (network) of hyphae (threadlike filaments) that cover the food…
…digestive enzymes on the food….
….into soluble substances such as sugars which are then absorbed by the mould… .
..the food is used up and new spores must be made to move on and infect another food source
iv) Protoctists
A mixed group (the ‘dustbin kingdom’)….
Most are microscopic, single cell organisms. Some live in pond water and are know as…
Others are more like plants and carry out photosynthesis… Some are agents of disease, e.g.
iv) Protoctists
…that doesn’t fit into plants, animals or fungi
….protozoa
…known as algae the organism that causes malaria
v) Bacteria:
Single cell, very small, three basic shapes…
v) Bacteria:
….spheres, rods and spirals (all with similar internal structures)
v) Bacteria:
Composed of complex chemicals made of….
Some have another outer layer called…
The middle of the cell is made of…
The bacteria has no…
v) Bacteria:
…polysaccharides and proteins
…the capsule of slime layer
…cytoplasm
…nucleus. Instead its genetic material (DNA) is in a single chromosome
v) Bacteria:
Most bacteria live off…
Sometimes used to…
Others can cause…
v) Bacteria:
…living or dead food…they are important decomposers and recyclers
…make food (e.g yoghurt)
…disease (pathognens)
vi) Viruses
All viruses are…
The cells in which viruses live are called…
A virus is v simple. It has no…
They do not carry out normal characteristics of living except…
They take over the host’s genetic machinery to make more virus particles…
vi) Viruses
…parasites & can only reproduce inside living cells
…the host
…nucleus or cytoplasm
…reproduction
…the host cell then dies and the particles are then released to infect more cells
vi) Viruses
Mnay human diseases are caused by viruses…
Ususally the person’s…
Sometimes virus can cause…
Sometimes the virus attacks…
vi) Viruses
….e.g colds, measles, mumps, polio, rubella
…immune system destroys the virus
…permanent damage or death
…the immune system itself, e.g. HIV
