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ENGR 301 > Chapter 2 : The Organizational Context : Strategy, Structure and Culture > Flashcards

Chapter 2 : The Organizational Context : Strategy, Structure and Culture Flashcards

- how effective project mgmt contributes to achieving strategic objectives - 3 components of corporate strategy model : formulation, implementation, evaluation - importance of identifying important project stakeholders and managing them within the context of project development - recognize strengths and weaknesses of 3 forms of organizational structure and their implications for managing projects - how companies can change their structure to a "heavyweight project organization" structure to

1
Q

What is strategic mgmt?

A

Science of formulating, implementing and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives

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2
Q

Projects are ___ ___ or ____ ____

A

Projects are stepping stones of corporate strategy

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3
Q

4 internal stakeholders

A
  • top mgmt
  • accountant
  • other functional managers
  • project team members
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4
Q

4 external stakeholders

A
  • clients
  • competitors
  • suppliers
  • environmental, political, consumer and other intervener group
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5
Q

6 steps to manage

A
  1. assess the environment
  2. identify goals of principal actors
  3. assess your own capabilities
  4. define problem
  5. develop solution
  6. test and refine solutions
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6
Q

3 key elements of organizational structure

A
  1. Designates formal reporting relationships
  2. Identifies groupings
  3. Design of systems
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7
Q

formal reporting relationships into key elements or organizational structure are described by

A

number of levels in hierarchy

span of control

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8
Q

groupings into key elements of organizational structure are described by

A
  • individuals into departments

- departments into total organization

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9
Q

design of systems into key elements of organizational structure are described by

A
  • effective communication
  • coordination
  • integration across departments
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10
Q

3 forms or organization structure

A
  1. functional organizations
  2. project organizations
  3. matrix organizations
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11
Q

what is functional organization

A

group people performing similar activities into departments

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12
Q

what is project organizations

A

group ppl into projects teams on temporary assignments

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13
Q

what is matrix organization

A

create a dual hierarchy which functions and projects have equal prominence

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14
Q

4 strengths of functional organizations

A
  • firm’s design is maintained
  • fosters development of in-depth knowledge
  • standard career paths
  • project team members remain connected with their functional group
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15
Q

4 weaknesses of functional organizations

A
  • functional siloing
  • lack of customer focus
  • projects may take longer
  • projects may be sub-optimized
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16
Q

5 strengths of project structures

A
  • project manager is sole authority
  • improved communication
  • effective decision-making
  • creation of project mgmt experts
  • rapid response
17
Q

4 weaknesses of project structures

A
  • expensive to set up and maintain teams
  • chance of loyalty to the project rather than the firm
  • no pool of specific knowledge
  • workers unassigned at project end
18
Q

4 strengths of matrix structure

A
  • suited to dynamic environments
  • equal emphasis on project mgmt and functional efficiency
  • promotes coordination across functional units
  • maximizes scarce resources
19
Q

3 weaknesses of matrix structure

A
  • dual hierarchies means two bosses
  • negotiation required in order to share resources
  • workers caught between competing project and functional demands
20
Q

What is a project mgmt office?

A

Centralized unit that oversees or improve the mgmt of projects

21
Q

PMO are resource centers for

A
  • technical details
  • expertise
  • repository
  • center for excellence
22
Q

3 forms of PMOs

A
  • weather stations
  • control tower
  • resource pool
23
Q

4 actions performed by the PMO control tower

A
  1. establishes standards for managing projects
  2. consults on how to follow these standards
  3. enforces the standards
  4. improves the standards
24
Q

4 things about the organizational culture

A
  • unwritten
  • taught to new members
  • rules of behavior
  • held by some subset of the organization
25
Q

key factors that affect culture development

A
  • technology
  • environment
  • geographical location
  • reward systems
  • rules and procedures
  • key organizational members
  • critical incidents

ENGR 301 (10 decks)

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