Chapter 2: The Contemporary Practice of Clinical Psychology Flashcards

Question

What are the pros of giving psychologists prescriptive authority?

Answer 1

brain-behavior links psychologists could be as competent as other health-care providers offer comprehensive services especially helpful in remote or underserved areas

Answer 2

may lead to greater prescribing as it is quicker in short-term psychologists should focus only on psychological interventions extend training or drop something else?

Answer 3

classes of drugs for different problems efficacy of drugs and of drugs in combination with psychological treatment side-effects

Answer 4

two (or three) main forms: primary and secondary (+ tertiary)

Answer 5

any measures taken to prevent a disorder from manifesting screen for things and intervene before it manifests is unique in that it only targets the reduction of risk factors, but also building on strengths, or protective factors

Answer 6

directed at reducing the risk for recurrence in an individual who has already experienced a given disorder prevent from getting worse or going back

Answer 7

arguably a misnomer directed at reducing the effects of a disorder, once it has manifested a special case of secondary intervention

Answer 8

simply anything that increases the probability that a particular disorder will manifest examples: exposure to bullying, violent media programming, poor parental coping

Answer 9

can be carried out in the community, can benefit a much larger number of people, more cost effective, can reduce overall prevalence of a condition (which may be more difficult to manage later on) these programs often take the form of broad screening, and/or public education

Answer 10

psychologists are frequently called upon by other members of a multidisciplinary team, or outside agencies, to provide guidance regarding the diagnosis, or management of clinical conditions it is important that practicing psychologists seek consultation from their colleagues, as well as members of different disciplines when they encounter clinical questions outside their area of expertise

Answer 11

development of strong research skills is integral to traditional graduate school training some newer training models place less emphasis on those skills, and that may eventually prove to be a detriment to the development of clinical psychology given that our code of ethics requires us to constantly evaluate the effectiveness of our interventions as well as claims reported in the academic literature, these skills are indispensable HPA requires us to continually expand and maintain competence (CC) in the interest of delivering the best available professional services research and CC activities are best incorporated into day-to-day practice

Answer 12

a natural extension of clinical practice in addition to teaching university courses, there is great need for practicum and residency supervisors who will monitor the practice of psychologists in training this applies not only to clinical techniques, but also to outcome evaluation and consultation skills joint goals are to provide "safe" delivery of services and facilitate training supervisees have typically completed all, or significant portions of their education but lack practical experience

Answer 13

Garb (1998) presented evidence that inexperienced (but academically prepared) clinicians are comparable to experienced clinicians in their ability to make clinical decisions which are both valid and accurate does not equate to saying they're equally effective practitioners

Answer 14

psychologists employed in community or hospital settings often find their way into management and administrative roles subject to less pressure than private practitioners to preserve billable hours Humble et al (2004) reported that only 1/5 of Canadian hospitals still had an autonomous psychology departments

Answer 15

organized by service, not by discipline

Answer 16

combine administrative oversight (often by non-psychologists) with guidance from senior members of one's own profession in Alberta, this became popular in the mid-1990s

Answer 17

arises whenever two or more moral principles are in potential conflict e.g., it is inherently unethical to inflict suffering or discomfort; on the other hand, the best available treatment methods are sometimes uncomfortable the risks and benefits associated with each imperative must be carefully assessed and balanced against one another it is impossible to do ethically in the absence of scientific information concerning outcomes; likewise, scientifically desirable outcomes must not come at the cost of unacceptable suffering

Answer 18

respect for the dignity of persons responsible caring integrity in relationships responsibility to society

Answer 19

strict adherence to any particular theory may limit the scope of inquiry a clinician employees for theory to be useful, it must be testable (i.e., capable of generating testing hypotheses) and falsifiable

Answer 20

clinical psychology is a popular and highly competitive graduate training program entrance requirements tend to be very high, even more so than medical school and law school

Answer 21

named after an APA training conference held in Boulder, Colorado based on a view of psychologists as joint scientists and practitioners inherently involves a strong research component (dissertation) underlying premise: clinical psychologists should be both in a position to contribute to the academic literature, and to skillfully carry out evidence-based clinical activities

Answer 22

emphasizes clinical skills and critical evaluation (not contribution to) academic literature often results in a Psy.D. as opposed to Ph.D many Psy.D programs also train students in naturalistic rather than experimental designs

Answer 23

less emphasis on practice, more on clinical research not usually licenses as practitioners there has been a recent influx of "professional school" programs tend to offer only Masters rather than Ph.D. programs graduates may nevertheless be eligible for licensure

Answer 24

numerous psychologists have expressed concern over these programs they fear that the quality of instruction and opportunities to gain practical experience are highly variable these programs tend to employ relatively few full-time staff and their dependence on external practicum supervisors is potentially problematic

Answer 25

governmental regulations and CPA/APA accreditation in 1980, there were only four APA and six CPA accredited Canadian universities APA stopped accrediting schools outside the US in 2008, the CPA had established a similar process in Canada in 1984 CPA is strongly committed to the Boulder Model

Answer 26

simplifies licensing "ensures" a certain standard of education including coursework in ethics and cultural factors important because definitions of psychopathology often reference cultural standards note that all schools produce a range of graduates

Answer 27

in Alberta, all healthcare professionals are governed by the Health Professions Act (HPA) replaced the Psychology Profession Act, and all other separate pieces of professional legislation

Answer 28

in addition to HPA, a number of inter-jurisdictional agreements such as AIT allow for license-to-license registration within Canada, and between Canada and many of the United States governmental initiatives to facilitate labour mobility tied to an aging professional workforce AIT replaced the 2001 Mutual Recognition Agreement

Answer 29

some provinces, such as Alberta, allow registration at the Masters level; most provinces ad US states require a doctorate those provinces will, most likely, be legally required to register Masters trained Alberta psychologists due to AIT in Ontario and British Columbia, a different form of registration is possible with a Masters degree, but does not allow full title hence a Masters level BC registrant may be licensed at a lower level than a Masters level AIT transfer

Answer 30

CPA conducted a literature review previously comparing outcomes between Masters and PH.D. psychologists there was no evidence that Masters level practitioners were any less effective, or that they placed their patients at higher risk you can't raise the requirement for a profession unless you can demonstrate that failing to do so would put the public at risk

Answer 31

criminal record check professional references payment of fees (yearly) present evidence of malpractice insurance continued competence program (new under HPA)