Chapter 2 The Chemical Basis Of Life

Question 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Answer 1

Matter

Question 2

3 types of matter

Answer 2

Solid, liquid, gas

Question 3

Amount of matter in an object

Answer 3

Mass

Question 4

Gravitational force acting on an object

Answer 4

Weight

Question 5

It is the simplest form of matter

Answer 5

Element

Question 6

Smallest particle of an element

Answer 6

Atom

Question 7

What makes up an atom

Answer 7

Protons, electrons, and neutrons

Question 8

What are the subatomic particles

Answer 8

Proton, neutron, electrons

Question 9

Define Proton

Answer 9

Positive charged particle located inside the nucleus

Question 10

Define neutron

Answer 10

Neutral charged particle located inside the nucleus

Question 11

Define electron

Answer 11

Negative charged particle located outside the nucleus

Question 12

Define atomic number

Answer 12

The number of protons in each atom

Question 13

Define mass number

Answer 13

The number of protons and neutrons in each atom

Question 14

When do chemical bonds happen

Answer 14

Chemical bonds occur when outermost electrons (valence electrons) are transferred or shared between atoms

Question 15

Types of chemical bonds

Answer 15

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 16

A charged atom formed because of a donation or gain of an electron(s)
Example: NA^+

Answer 16

Ion

Question 17

Occurs when there is an attraction between two oppositely charged ions
Example: NaCl

Answer 17

Ionic bonding

Question 18

Forms when a positive end of one polar molecule is weakly attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule

Answer 18

Hydrogen bonding

Question 19

Occurs when there is a formation or breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, ions, molecules, or compounds

Answer 19

Chemical reactions

Question 20

Types of chemical reaction
1. Building a new molecule
2. Breakdown molecule

Answer 20

Synthesis reaction
Decomposition reaction

Question 21

The capacity to do work

Answer 21

Energy

Question 22

Moving of the matter

Answer 22

Work

Question 23

Is a form of energy stored in chemical bonds

Answer 23

Chemical energy

Question 24

Factors which influence the rate of chemical reactions

Answer 24

Concentration of the reactants
Temperature
Catalyst

Question 25

Four major groups of organic molecules essential to living organisms are:

Answer 25

Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

Question 26

Types of lipids 1. Single covalent bonds between carbon atoms 2. One or more double covalent bonds between carbons

Answer 26

Saturated Unsaturated

Question 27

Characteristics of proteins _____ are the building blocks

Answer 27

Amino acids

Question 28

Occurs when the hydrogen bonds that maintain shape of a protein are broken and the protein becomes nonfunctional

Answer 28

Protein denaturation

Question 29

The ratio between nitrogen and oxygen in carbohydrates

Answer 29

2:1

Question 30

Often called as energy currency of cells because it is capable of storing and providing energy

Answer 30

ATP

Question 31

Nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids Composition of Nucleotides

Answer 31

Nitrogen base, phosphate 5-Carbon sugar