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Brain & Nerves 275 > Chapter 2 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

afferent

A

a pathway toward the brain or a particular structure

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2
Q

amygdala

A

a temporal lobe limbic system structure that controls emotional association

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3
Q

anterior thalamic nucleus

A

a thalamic nucleus that projects to the frontal cortex, complete of of the limbic circuits

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4
Q

arachnoid mater

A

the middle spongy layer of meninges

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves that control the visceral organs and involuntary muscles

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6
Q

basal ganglia

A

a collection of forebrain nuclei that are necessary for gross motor movements

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7
Q

basal forebrain

A

the telencephalic brain region anterior to the hypothalamus

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8
Q

blood brain barrier

A

a set of mechanisms the prevent the blood system form directly contacting the CSF

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9
Q

caudate nucleus

A

a basal ganglia nucleus that receives multimodal sensory input from the cortex.

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10
Q

central sulcus

A

the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobe

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11
Q

central canal

A

the CSF filled cavity that runs down the centre of the spinal cord

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12
Q

central nervous system

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

a brain structure responsible for coordination of movements

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14
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

the midbrain pathways that appear to support the cerebral hemispheres

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15
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the convoluted surface layer of the brain

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16
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

a narrow tube in the brain stem connecting the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle

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17
Q

cerebral hemisphere

A

one of the two halves of the forebrain

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18
Q

CSF

A

the extracellular fluid formed in the ventricles that surrounds, protects and nourishes cells in the nervous system

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19
Q

choroid plexus

A

spongy, highly vascularized tissue in the ventricles that produce CSF

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20
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

cortical gyrus through which information reaches the limbic system via the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus

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21
Q

commissure

A

a neural pathway connecting the same locations in the hemisphere

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22
Q

convolutions

A

prominent ridges on the surface of the brain

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23
Q

corpus callosum

A

the large pathway that connects the same cortical regions in each hemisphere

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24
Q

diencephalon

A

the most posterior division of the forebrain

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25
Q

dorsal horn

A

spinal region where sensory axons terminate in the spinal cord

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26
Q

dorsal root

A

entry pathway of sensory axons into the spinal cord

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27
Q

dura mater

A

the tough outermost layer of the meninges

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28
Q

dural sinus

A

an cavity found within the dura that collects used CSF

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29
Q

efferent

A

a pathway from the brain or a particular structure

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30
Q

entorhinal cortex

A

the outer cortex covering the hippocampus

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31
Q

ependymal cells

A

glial cells the line the brain ventricles

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32
Q

fight or flight response

A

a coordinated set of responses that prepares the body to deal with physical threats

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33
Q

fissure

A

deep valleys in the surface of the brain

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34
Q

fornix

A

a main limbic system pathway that connects the hippocampus with the septum and mammillary body

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35
Q

frontal lobe

A

the cortical lobe is responsible for planning and organization of responses

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36
Q

ganglion

A

a region in the peripheral nervous system where cell bodies of neurons are located

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37
Q

globus pallidus

A

the main output nucleus in the basal ganglia

38
Q

gyrus

A

a ridge of cortical tissue (a convolution)

39
Q

hippocampus

A

a central structure of the limbic system that mediates memory consolidation and plays a role in several mental disorders

40
Q

hydrocephaly

A

a condition in which impaired circulation of CSF produces damaging pressure in the brain and can cause an infant’s skull to swell

41
Q

hypothalamus

A

a diencephalic structure comprised of nuclei that control homeostasis and motivated behaviour

42
Q

inferior colliculi

A

a midbrain relay structure for auditory information

43
Q

insula

A

an area of cortex revealed by pulling the temporal lobe away from the hemisphere

44
Q

internal capsule

A

the diverging fiber pathway

45
Q

lateral fissure

A

this fissure that separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the brain

46
Q

limbic system

A

a collection of brain nuclei that control emotions and mediate storage of memories

47
Q

locus coeruleus

A

a brainstem nucleus that regulates arousal and attention

48
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

a deep valley that divides the brain into two hemispheres

49
Q

medial forebrain bundle

A

axons that travel through the hypothalamus and connect the brain stem with the forebrain

50
Q

medulla oblongata

A

the lower brain region that controls vital functions

51
Q

meninges

A

a series of 3 layer tissue layers that cover and protect the brain

52
Q

mesencephalon

A

the middle division of the brain

53
Q

metencephalon

A

the anterior division of the hindbrain

54
Q

myelencephalon

A

the most posterior division of the hindbrain

55
Q

neural tube

A

a tube in which the nervous system develops

56
Q

nucleus accumbens

A

a major basal forebrain component of the pleasure system

57
Q

occipital lobe

A

cortical lobe containing the visual cortex

58
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

the branch of the autonomic nervous system the preserves energy in the body and promotes relaxation

59
Q

parietal lobe

A

the cortical lobe responsible for spatial information processing - location of the “where” visual system

60
Q

PNS

A

motor and sensory nervous in the body

61
Q

pia mater

A

the delicate inner layer of the meninges

62
Q

pineal gland

A

the diencephalic gland that rhythmically releases melatonin

63
Q

pituitary gland

A

the main endocrine gland controlled by the hypothalamus

64
Q

pons

A

the bridge that carries axons to and from the cerebellum

65
Q

post central gyrus

A

the primary somatosensory cortex located in the parietal lobe

66
Q

pre central gyrus

A

the primary motor cortex located in the frontal lobe

67
Q

putamen

A

a basal ganglia nucleus that receives multimodal sensory input from the cortex

68
Q

raphe nucelus

A

a brainstem nucleus that plays an important role in sleep

69
Q

red nucleus

A

a midbrain motor nucleus

70
Q

reticular formation

A

a collection of brainstem nuclei that is instrumental in controlling states of sleep and arousal

71
Q

sensorimotor cortex

A

the pre and post central gyrus

72
Q

septum

A

the basal forebrain component of the limbic system

73
Q

somatic nervous system

A

sensory nerves and voluntary muscle motor neurons

74
Q

somatotopic organization

A

a mapping of the regions of the body onto the regions of a gyrus

75
Q

sub-arachnoid space

A

the compartment between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater that contains used CSF

76
Q

substantia nigra

A

a mid brain motor nucleus that provides a dopaminergic pathway to the basal ganglia

77
Q

sulcus

A

an indentation in the cortex that defines a convolution

78
Q

superior colliculi

A

the midbrain visual nucleus that controls tracking movements

79
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

the branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body to respond to stress

80
Q

sympathetic chain ganglia

A

a series of connected ganglia just outside the spinal cord that allow a coordinated global sympathetic response

81
Q

tectum

A

the dorsal surface of the midbrain

82
Q

tegmentum

A

the ventral potion of the midbrain

83
Q

telencephalon

A

the most anterior division of the forebrain

84
Q

temporal lobe

A

the region of the brain found below the lateral fissure

85
Q

thalamus

A

a diencephalic structure comprised of individual nuclei that relay information to the cerebral cortex

86
Q

tract

A

a myelinated pathway in the brain

87
Q

vagus nerve

A

a cranial nerve that controls parasympathetic activation of the vital organs

88
Q

ventral root

A

exit pathway for spinal motor neurons

89
Q

ventral tegmental area (VTA)

A

a major midbrain component in the brain’s pleasure system

90
Q

ventricles

A

cavities in the brain where the CSF in produced

91
Q

vertebrae

A

the bones that comprise the spine and provide protection for the spinal cord

Brain & Nerves 275 (7 decks)

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