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Brain & Nerves 275 > Chapter 2 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

afferent

A

a pathway toward the brain or a particular structure

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2
Q

amygdala

A

a temporal lobe limbic system structure that controls emotional association

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3
Q

anterior thalamic nucleus

A

a thalamic nucleus that projects to the frontal cortex, complete of of the limbic circuits

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4
Q

arachnoid mater

A

the middle spongy layer of meninges

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5
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves that control the visceral organs and involuntary muscles

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6
Q

basal ganglia

A

a collection of forebrain nuclei that are necessary for gross motor movements

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7
Q

basal forebrain

A

the telencephalic brain region anterior to the hypothalamus

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8
Q

blood brain barrier

A

a set of mechanisms the prevent the blood system form directly contacting the CSF

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9
Q

caudate nucleus

A

a basal ganglia nucleus that receives multimodal sensory input from the cortex.

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10
Q

central sulcus

A

the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobe

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11
Q

central canal

A

the CSF filled cavity that runs down the centre of the spinal cord

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12
Q

central nervous system

A

the brain and the spinal cord

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13
Q

cerebellum

A

a brain structure responsible for coordination of movements

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14
Q

cerebral peduncles

A

the midbrain pathways that appear to support the cerebral hemispheres

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15
Q

cerebral cortex

A

the convoluted surface layer of the brain

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16
Q

cerebral aqueduct

A

a narrow tube in the brain stem connecting the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle

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17
Q

cerebral hemisphere

A

one of the two halves of the forebrain

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18
Q

CSF

A

the extracellular fluid formed in the ventricles that surrounds, protects and nourishes cells in the nervous system

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19
Q

choroid plexus

A

spongy, highly vascularized tissue in the ventricles that produce CSF

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20
Q

cingulate gyrus

A

cortical gyrus through which information reaches the limbic system via the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus

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21
Q

commissure

A

a neural pathway connecting the same locations in the hemisphere

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22
Q

convolutions

A

prominent ridges on the surface of the brain

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23
Q

corpus callosum

A

the large pathway that connects the same cortical regions in each hemisphere

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24
Q

diencephalon

A

the most posterior division of the forebrain

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25
dorsal horn
spinal region where sensory axons terminate in the spinal cord
26
dorsal root
entry pathway of sensory axons into the spinal cord
27
dura mater
the tough outermost layer of the meninges
28
dural sinus
an cavity found within the dura that collects used CSF
29
efferent
a pathway from the brain or a particular structure
30
entorhinal cortex
the outer cortex covering the hippocampus
31
ependymal cells
glial cells the line the brain ventricles
32
fight or flight response
a coordinated set of responses that prepares the body to deal with physical threats
33
fissure
deep valleys in the surface of the brain
34
fornix
a main limbic system pathway that connects the hippocampus with the septum and mammillary body
35
frontal lobe
the cortical lobe is responsible for planning and organization of responses
36
ganglion
a region in the peripheral nervous system where cell bodies of neurons are located
37
globus pallidus
the main output nucleus in the basal ganglia
38
gyrus
a ridge of cortical tissue (a convolution)
39
hippocampus
a central structure of the limbic system that mediates memory consolidation and plays a role in several mental disorders
40
hydrocephaly
a condition in which impaired circulation of CSF produces damaging pressure in the brain and can cause an infant's skull to swell
41
hypothalamus
a diencephalic structure comprised of nuclei that control homeostasis and motivated behaviour
42
inferior colliculi
a midbrain relay structure for auditory information
43
insula
an area of cortex revealed by pulling the temporal lobe away from the hemisphere
44
internal capsule
the diverging fiber pathway
45
lateral fissure
this fissure that separates the temporal lobe from the rest of the brain
46
limbic system
a collection of brain nuclei that control emotions and mediate storage of memories
47
locus coeruleus
a brainstem nucleus that regulates arousal and attention
48
longitudinal fissure
a deep valley that divides the brain into two hemispheres
49
medial forebrain bundle
axons that travel through the hypothalamus and connect the brain stem with the forebrain
50
medulla oblongata
the lower brain region that controls vital functions
51
meninges
a series of 3 layer tissue layers that cover and protect the brain
52
mesencephalon
the middle division of the brain
53
metencephalon
the anterior division of the hindbrain
54
myelencephalon
the most posterior division of the hindbrain
55
neural tube
a tube in which the nervous system develops
56
nucleus accumbens
a major basal forebrain component of the pleasure system
57
occipital lobe
cortical lobe containing the visual cortex
58
parasympathetic nervous system
the branch of the autonomic nervous system the preserves energy in the body and promotes relaxation
59
parietal lobe
the cortical lobe responsible for spatial information processing - location of the "where" visual system
60
PNS
motor and sensory nervous in the body
61
pia mater
the delicate inner layer of the meninges
62
pineal gland
the diencephalic gland that rhythmically releases melatonin
63
pituitary gland
the main endocrine gland controlled by the hypothalamus
64
pons
the bridge that carries axons to and from the cerebellum
65
post central gyrus
the primary somatosensory cortex located in the parietal lobe
66
pre central gyrus
the primary motor cortex located in the frontal lobe
67
putamen
a basal ganglia nucleus that receives multimodal sensory input from the cortex
68
raphe nucelus
a brainstem nucleus that plays an important role in sleep
69
red nucleus
a midbrain motor nucleus
70
reticular formation
a collection of brainstem nuclei that is instrumental in controlling states of sleep and arousal
71
sensorimotor cortex
the pre and post central gyrus
72
septum
the basal forebrain component of the limbic system
73
somatic nervous system
sensory nerves and voluntary muscle motor neurons
74
somatotopic organization
a mapping of the regions of the body onto the regions of a gyrus
75
sub-arachnoid space
the compartment between the pia mater and the arachnoid mater that contains used CSF
76
substantia nigra
a mid brain motor nucleus that provides a dopaminergic pathway to the basal ganglia
77
sulcus
an indentation in the cortex that defines a convolution
78
superior colliculi
the midbrain visual nucleus that controls tracking movements
79
sympathetic nervous system
the branch of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body to respond to stress
80
sympathetic chain ganglia
a series of connected ganglia just outside the spinal cord that allow a coordinated global sympathetic response
81
tectum
the dorsal surface of the midbrain
82
tegmentum
the ventral potion of the midbrain
83
telencephalon
the most anterior division of the forebrain
84
temporal lobe
the region of the brain found below the lateral fissure
85
thalamus
a diencephalic structure comprised of individual nuclei that relay information to the cerebral cortex
86
tract
a myelinated pathway in the brain
87
vagus nerve
a cranial nerve that controls parasympathetic activation of the vital organs
88
ventral root
exit pathway for spinal motor neurons
89
ventral tegmental area (VTA)
a major midbrain component in the brain's pleasure system
90
ventricles
cavities in the brain where the CSF in produced
91
vertebrae
the bones that comprise the spine and provide protection for the spinal cord

Brain & Nerves 275 (7 decks)

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