Chapter 2 - Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

cell membrane

A

surrounds and protects cell. regulates what passes in and out

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2
Q

nucleus

A

controls the operations of the cell

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3
Q

chromosomes

A

rod-like structures within the nucleus

23 pairs (46 chromosomes)

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4
Q

genes

A

contained within the chromosome

each gene contains a chemical called DNA

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5
Q

Karyotype

A

photograph of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size, shape and number.

Can detect down syndrome

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6
Q

cytoplasm

A

includes all of the materials outside of the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane

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7
Q

mitrochondria

A

small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

Use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in the food (catabolism)

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8
Q

catabolism

A

chemical process of breaking down complex foods into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria

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9
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

a network of canals within the cell. attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are the ribosomes which build long chains of protein.

anabolism occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum

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10
Q

anabolism + catabolism =

A

metabolism

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11
Q

Tissues : (4 types)

A

Epithelial

Muscle Tissue

connective tissue

nerve tissue

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12
Q

epithelial tissue

A

located all over the body, forms the lining of internal organs, and outer surface of the skin covering the body.

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13
Q

muscle tissue

A

voluntary muscle is found in the arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control.

involuntary muscle found in the heart and digestive system and other organs allow movements that are NOT under conscious control.

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14
Q

Connective tissue

A

adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage (elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bone). bone and blood

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15
Q

nerve tissue

A

nerve tissue conducts impulses all over body

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16
Q

Laying on spine

A

Supine

17
Q

Laying on belly

A

prone

18
Q
A

right upper quadrant

left upper quadrant

right lower quadrant

left lower quadrant

19
Q

planes of view

A

frontal

sagittal

transverse

20
Q

anterior

A

front of body

21
Q

dorsal

A

back of body

22
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body

23
Q

superficial

A

on the surface of the body

24
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment to the trunk

25
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment to the trunk

26
Q

inferior

A

below another structure

27
Q

superior

A

above another structure

28
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

29
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle

30
Q

pleura

A

membrane surrounding the lungs

31
Q

peritoneum

A

membrane surrounding the abdominal viscera

32
Q

diaphragm

A

muscular wall separating the thoracic and abdominal cav

ities

33
Q

mediastinum

A

space between the lungs

34
Q

spinal cavity

A

backbone

35
Q

discs

A

pads of cartilage between each backbone

36
Q

DNA

A

chemicals found within each chromosome