Chapter 2 - Terminology

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

surrounds and protects cell. regulates what passes in and out

Question 2

nucleus

Answer 2

controls the operations of the cell

Question 3

chromosomes

Answer 3

rod-like structures within the nucleus

23 pairs (46 chromosomes)

Question 4

genes

Answer 4

contained within the chromosome

each gene contains a chemical called DNA

Question 5

Karyotype

Answer 5

photograph of an individual’s chromosomes arranged by size, shape and number.

Can detect down syndrome

Question 6

cytoplasm

Answer 6

includes all of the materials outside of the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane

Question 7

mitrochondria

Answer 7

small sausage-shaped bodies that provide the principal source of energy for the cell.

Use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in the food (catabolism)

Question 8

catabolism

Answer 8

chemical process of breaking down complex foods into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria

Question 9

endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

a network of canals within the cell. attached to the endoplasmic reticulum are the ribosomes which build long chains of protein.

anabolism occurring on the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

anabolism + catabolism =

Answer 10

metabolism

Question 11

Tissues : (4 types)

Answer 11

Epithelial

Muscle Tissue

connective tissue

nerve tissue

Question 12

epithelial tissue

Answer 12

located all over the body, forms the lining of internal organs, and outer surface of the skin covering the body.

Question 13

muscle tissue

Answer 13

voluntary muscle is found in the arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control.

involuntary muscle found in the heart and digestive system and other organs allow movements that are NOT under conscious control.

Question 14

Connective tissue

Answer 14

adipose (fat) tissue, cartilage (elastic, fibrous tissue attached to bone). bone and blood

Question 15

nerve tissue

Answer 15

nerve tissue conducts impulses all over body

Question 16

Laying on spine

Answer 16

Supine

Question 17

Laying on belly

Answer 17

prone

Answer 18

right upper quadrant

left upper quadrant

right lower quadrant

left lower quadrant

Question 19

planes of view

Answer 19

frontal

sagittal

transverse

Question 20

anterior

Answer 20

front of body

Question 21

dorsal

Answer 21

back of body

Question 22

deep

Answer 22

away from the surface of the body

Question 23

superficial

Answer 23

on the surface of the body

Question 24

distal

Answer 24

far from the point of attachment to the trunk

Question 25

proximal

Answer 25

near the point of attachment to the trunk

Question 26

inferior

Answer 26

below another structure

Question 27

superior

Answer 27

above another structure

Question 28

lateral

Answer 28

pertaining to the side

Question 29

medial

Answer 29

pertaining to the middle

Question 30

pleura

Answer 30

membrane surrounding the lungs

Question 31

peritoneum

Answer 31

membrane surrounding the abdominal viscera

Question 32

diaphragm

Answer 32

muscular wall separating the thoracic and abdominal cav

ities

Question 33

mediastinum

Answer 33

space between the lungs

Question 34

spinal cavity

Answer 34

backbone

Question 35

discs

Answer 35

pads of cartilage between each backbone

Question 36

DNA

Answer 36

chemicals found within each chromosome