Ch 5 & 6 - digestive system - Terminology

Question 1

4 functions of the digestive system

Answer 1

ingestions, digestion, absorption and elimination.

Question 2

enzymes

Answer 2

speed up chemical reactions and aid the breakdown of complex nutrients

Question 3

amino acids

Answer 3

small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

Question 4

glucose

Answer 4

simple sugar

Question 5

glycogen

Answer 5

starch

Question 6

rugae

Answer 6

ridges on the hard palate

Question 7

papillae

Answer 7

small raised areas on the tongue

Question 8

3 salivary glands

Answer 8

parotidal gland (near ear)
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

Question 9

pharynx

Answer 9

food travel through this to the esophagus

Question 10

esophagus

Answer 10

extends from the pharynx to the stomach (for food)

Question 11

epiglotis

Answer 11

closes over the trachea so food can not enter the “windpipe”

Question 12

deglutition

Answer 12

swallowing

Question 13

peristalsis

Answer 13

wave like contraction of the muscles in the wall of espohagus

Question 14

3 parts of the stomach

Answer 14

fundus
body
antrum

Question 15

pyloric sphincter

Answer 15

allows food to leave the stomach and enter the small intestines

Question 16

rugae

Answer 16

folds in the lining of the stomach that increase surface area

Question 17

pepsin

Answer 17

enzyme to digest

Question 18

hydrochloric acid

Answer 18

is secreted to digest protein and kill bacteria on food

Question 19

3 parts of small intestines
D ow
J ones
I ndustrial

Answer 19

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 20

villi

Answer 20

line the wall of the small intestines. absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream

Question 21

3 parts of large intestines
C
C
R

Answer 21

cecum
colon
rectum

Question 22

4 segments of colon

Answer 22

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

Question 23

pancreas

Answer 23

endocrine and exocrine gland
secretes insulin into bloodstream (endocrine)
produces enzymes to digest starch (exocrine)

Question 24

liver

Answer 24

manufactures bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder

Question 25

bile

Answer 25

has a degenerative like effect on fats (emulsification)

Question 26

anastomoses

Answer 26

a surgical opening between 2 body parts, often to connect them togather

Question 27

mesentery

Answer 27

important indicator in the spread of colon cancer

Question 28

anorexia

Answer 28

lack of appetite

Question 29

ascites

Answer 29

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

paracentesis is used to remove the fluid

Question 30

borborygmi

Answer 30

rumbling or gurgling in the stomach

Question 31

constipation

Answer 31

difficulty passing stool

Question 32

diarrhea

Answer 32

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Question 33

dysphagia

Answer 33

difficulty in swallowing

Question 34

eructation

Answer 34

burping

Question 35

flatulus

Answer 35

farting

Question 36

hematochezia

Answer 36

bright red blood from the rectum

Question 37

jaundice

Answer 37

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of eyes

Question 38

melena

Answer 38

black tarry stool; feces containing digested blood

Question 39

steatorrhea

Answer 39

fat in the feces

Question 40

achlasia

Answer 40

failure of the lower esophagus spincter to relax.

Question 41

espohageal cancer

Answer 41

malignant tumor of the espohagus

Question 42

esophageal varices

Answer 42

varicose veins at the lower end of the espohagus

Question 43

gastric cancer

Answer 43

malignant tumor of the stomach

Question 44

GERD

Answer 44

heartburn

Question 45

peptic ulcer

Answer 45

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
(H. pylori) is respinsible for many cases

Question 46

anal fistula

Answer 46

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Question 47

colorectal cancer

Answer 47

cancer of the colon or rectum or both
-blood in stool

Question 48

chrohn disease

Answer 48

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Question 49

diverticulosis

Answer 49

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of colon

Question 50

dysentery

Answer 50

commonly caused by bacterial infection
-painful inflammation of the intestines
-food or water has been ingested containing bacteria
-bloody stool, abdominal pain, and sometimes fever

Question 51

IBD - inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 51

inflammation of the colon and small intestines

Question 52

proteins –>

Answer 52

amino acids

Question 53

sugars–>

Answer 53

glucose

Question 54

fats –>

Answer 54

fatty acids, triglycerides

Question 55

absorption

Answer 55

digested food pass into the bloodstream through the lining cells of the small intestines