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medical terminology > Ch 5 & 6 - digestive system - Terminology > Flashcards

Ch 5 & 6 - digestive system - Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of the digestive system

A

ingestions, digestion, absorption and elimination.

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2
Q

enzymes

A

speed up chemical reactions and aid the breakdown of complex nutrients

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3
Q

amino acids

A

small building blocks of proteins, released when proteins are digested

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4
Q

glucose

A

simple sugar

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5
Q

glycogen

A

starch

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6
Q

rugae

A

ridges on the hard palate

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7
Q

papillae

A

small raised areas on the tongue

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8
Q

3 salivary glands

A

parotidal gland (near ear)
submandibular gland
sublingual gland

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9
Q

pharynx

A

food travel through this to the esophagus

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10
Q

esophagus

A

extends from the pharynx to the stomach (for food)

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11
Q

epiglotis

A

closes over the trachea so food can not enter the “windpipe”

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12
Q

deglutition

A

swallowing

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13
Q

peristalsis

A

wave like contraction of the muscles in the wall of espohagus

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14
Q

3 parts of the stomach

A

fundus
body
antrum

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15
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

allows food to leave the stomach and enter the small intestines

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16
Q

rugae

A

folds in the lining of the stomach that increase surface area

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17
Q

pepsin

A

enzyme to digest

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18
Q

hydrochloric acid

A

is secreted to digest protein and kill bacteria on food

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19
Q

3 parts of small intestines
D ow
J ones
I ndustrial

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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20
Q

villi

A

line the wall of the small intestines. absorb the digested nutrients into the bloodstream

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21
Q

3 parts of large intestines
C
C
R

A

cecum
colon
rectum

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22
Q

4 segments of colon

A

ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

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23
Q

pancreas

A

endocrine and exocrine gland
secretes insulin into bloodstream (endocrine)
produces enzymes to digest starch (exocrine)

24
Q

liver

A

manufactures bile, which is then stored in the gallbladder

25
Q

bile

A

has a degenerative like effect on fats (emulsification)

26
Q

anastomoses

A

a surgical opening between 2 body parts, often to connect them togather

27
Q

mesentery

A

important indicator in the spread of colon cancer

28
Q

anorexia

A

lack of appetite

29
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

paracentesis is used to remove the fluid

30
Q

borborygmi

A

rumbling or gurgling in the stomach

31
Q

constipation

A

difficulty passing stool

32
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

33
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

34
Q

eructation

35
Q

flatulus

36
Q

hematochezia

A

bright red blood from the rectum

37
Q

jaundice

A

yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of eyes

38
Q

melena

A

black tarry stool; feces containing digested blood

39
Q

steatorrhea

A

fat in the feces

40
Q

achlasia

A

failure of the lower esophagus spincter to relax.

41
Q

espohageal cancer

A

malignant tumor of the espohagus

42
Q

esophageal varices

A

varicose veins at the lower end of the espohagus

43
Q

gastric cancer

A

malignant tumor of the stomach

44
Q

GERD

45
Q

peptic ulcer

A

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum
(H. pylori) is respinsible for many cases

46
Q

anal fistula

A

abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

47
Q

colorectal cancer

A

cancer of the colon or rectum or both
-blood in stool

48
Q

chrohn disease

A

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

49
Q

diverticulosis

A

abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of colon

50
Q

dysentery

A

commonly caused by bacterial infection
-painful inflammation of the intestines
-food or water has been ingested containing bacteria
-bloody stool, abdominal pain, and sometimes fever

51
Q

IBD - inflammatory bowel disease

A

inflammation of the colon and small intestines

52
Q

proteins –>

A

amino acids

53
Q

sugars–>

54
Q

fats –>

A

fatty acids, triglycerides

55
Q

absorption

A

digested food pass into the bloodstream through the lining cells of the small intestines

medical terminology (24 decks)

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