Chapter 2 Study Guide Flashcards
What is a descendant?
(n) A descendant is a person who is descended from a certain ancestor.
What is a band?
A band is a small group of people made up of related family and is usually thirty people.
What is a consequence?
A consequence is a result of an action.
What does extinct mean?
Extinct means died out, no longer exists.
What is technology?
Technology is the use of knowledge and skills to make the work of everyday life easier.
What is an artifact?
Artifacts are objects made by people.
What does specialize mean?
To specialize when each person did one kind of task, based on their skills and the bands needs.
What does domesticate mean?
To domesticate is to tame animals for human use.
What is livestock?
Livestock is domesticated animals that provide resources.
What is a nomad?
Nomads are people who had not settled home; they didn’t build any permanent settlements.
What is a pastoral society?
When nomadic herders travel from place to place with their animals, they make up a pastoral society.
What does cultivate mean?
To cultivate is to take care of plants in small gardens.
What is agriculture?
Agriculture is the raising of domesticated animals and plants for use by people.
What is slash-and-burn?
Slash-and-burn is a method of farming to prepare soil for planting.
What is a parallel time line?
A parallel time line is made up of two or more time lines.
What does B.C. stand for?
B.C. stand for ‘before Christ’
What does A.D. stand for?
A.D. stands for ‘anno Domini’, a Latin phrase meaning ‘in the year of the Lord’. A.D. actually tells how many years passed since the birth of Jesus Christ.
What does B.C.E. stand for?
B.C.E. stands for ‘before the Common Era’.
What does C.E. stand for?
C.E. stand for ‘Common Era’.
What is obsidian?
Obsidian is a black, volcanic rock from the mountains far to the north of Jericho.
What is an oasis?
An oasis is a place in the desert that has a dependable supply of water.
What is import?
Import is trade goods brought in from other places.
What is export?
Export is trade goods sent to other places.
What is a complex society?
A complex society is a large community with a reliable food source, established laws, customs, and job specialization.
What is a ziggurat?
A ziggurat is a stepped tower made of mud bricks.
What is a city-state?
A city-state included a city and the area around it.
What is a civilization?
A civilization is a complex society with developed forms of religion, ways of governing, and centers of learning.
How did Paleolithic people live?
Paleolithic people lived as hunters and gathers and were nomads.
What type of technology did Paleolithic people have?
Paleolithic people made technology that made hunting easier, like the atlatl, which was a spear.
What type of homes did Paleolithic people live in?
Paleolithic people built shelters made of mammoth bones and sod.
How did Paleolithic people travel?
Paleolithic people traveled using land bridges that connected continents.
What was the purpose of domesticating animals?
The purpose of domesticating animals was for their meat and their labor.
What types of homes did Neolithic people live in?
They lived in villages.
What were the effects of farming?
The effect of farming were:
- more food
- larger families/bands
- permanent settlements
What area is known as the Fertile Crescent?
The area from the Nile River to the Tigris and the Euphrates.
What was Jericho?
Jericho was an old farming settlement in southwestern Asia. It was an important trading center and depended on an oasis for water.
What did people in Jericho do with their extra grains?
They traded their extra grains for obsidian.
What did early people use obsidian for?
Early people used obsidian as mirrors and for tools.
Why did the people of Jericho build walls?
The people of Jericho built walls to:
- defend their water supply from enemies
- keep floodwater from destroying their settlements
What was Çatal Hüyük?
Çatal Hüyük was a mysteriously abandoned farming village in south central Turkey. It was founded around 7,000 B.C. and had approximately 6,000 people.
What did they mainly grow in Çatal Hüyük?
They mainly grew wheat, barley, and peas in Çatal Hüyük.
What type of homes did the people of Çatal Hüyük live in?
They lived in closely packed mud homes and entered through holes in the roof.
What did the people of Çatal Hüyük import?
The people of Çatal Hüyük imported raw materials like shells, timber, flint, copper, obsidian, etc.
What was the average life span of the people in Çatal Hüyük?
Men: 34 years avg.
Women: 29 years avg.
What was Mesopotamia?
Mesopotamia was the area of the Fertile Crescent, where cities were first built.
Where were the worlds first cities built?
The worlds first cities were built along the banks of the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates-now southern Iraq.
What was Ur?
Ur was a city in Mesopotamia that was settled before 3000 B.C.
What were some specialized jobs that people had in Ur?
- weaving
- working with leather
- making pottery
- making copper
- making stone
What type of homes did the people of Ur live in?
The people of Ur lived in rectangular homes built of mud and stone.
How was Ur a city-state?
Ur was a city-state because many nearby farming villages became under Ur’s control
Where is Jericho now located?
Jericho is now located in the West Bank in southwestern Asia.
Where is Çatal Hüyük now located?
Çatal Hüyük is now located in south central Turkey.
