chapter 2: skeletal system

Question 1

what is the difference between cancellous bone and compact/cortical bone?

Answer 1

cancellous bone: spongey; contains space; light but strong structure

compact bone: dense and strong; makes up the shaft of bone

Question 2

what is the membrane that surrounds the outer surface of bone?

Answer 2

periosteum

Question 3

how is blood supplied throughout bone?

Answer 3

tiny capillaries that penetrate periosteum -> Volkmann’s canals in bone matrix -> Haversian canals within osteocytes

Question 4

what are nutrient foramina?

Answer 4

large blood vessels within bone that bring nutrients to and from bone marrow

Question 5

describe the process of bone formation.

Answer 5

1. begins at the diaphysis/primary growth center
2. cartilage removed gradually as bone is created and growth expands
3. secondary growth develops at the epiphysis (epiphyseal plate=creation of new long bone)

Question 6

how do bones contribute to blood calcium homeostasis?

Answer 6

• calcium is under strict control by hormones vit. D and PTH
• low blood calcium=extraction of calcium from bones

-bones can become weak and brittle

-over long period of time can cause calcium deficiencies

Question 7

give a few examples of diseases caused by calcium deficiencies.

Answer 7

1. milk fever (cows)
2. Bran disease/Big Head Disease (horses)

Question 8

what bones are part of the axial skeleton?

Answer 8

-skull

-spinal cord

-ribs

-sternum/breastbone

-hyoid bone (trachea)

Question 9

what bones are