Chapter 2- Scientific Method And Measurements

Question 1

Define observation/asking a question

Answer 1

Gather existing information knowledge. Ask an informed question

Question 2

Define hypothesis

Answer 2

Make a prediciton based off observations

Question 3

Define experiment

Answer 3

Design implement experiments to test hypothesis. Should produce results that can be interpreted ambiguously with regards to the validity of the hypothesis. Carefully designed controls identify positive and negative results.

Question 4

Define data and results

Answer 4

Record the results of the experiments.

Question 5

Define conclusion

Answer 5

Summarize and interpret results to determine if hypothesis has been proven true or false. Future hypothesis and experiments can be discussed

Question 6

Why do scientists need to use standard units of measure?

Answer 6

So everyone has the same measurements and uses the same numbers.

Question 7

What is SI?

Answer 7

International System of Units

Question 8

What is a base unit?

Answer 8

A unit based on something in the real world. Is independent of others.

Question 9

How many SI base units are there

Answer 9

7

Question 10

What is the SI base unit for length?

Answer 10

Meters

Question 11

What is the SI base unit for mass?

Answer 11

Kilograms

Question 12

What is the SI base unit for time?

Answer 12

Seconds

Question 13

What is the SI base unit for temperature?

Answer 13

Kelvin

Question 14

What is the second based on?

Answer 14

The frequency of radiation given off an atom.

Question 15

What is the meter based on?

Answer 15

The distance that light travels in a vacuum.

Question 16

What is the kilogram based on?

Answer 16

Planck’s constant

Question 17

What is volume?

Answer 17

The space occupied by an object.

Question 18

What is the SI unit for volume?

What do chemists often use?

Answer 18

Cubic meters (m³)

Liter (L)

Question 19

One liter is equal to ____ cubic meters (cm³)?

Answer 19

1000

Question 20

What is density

Answer 20

Amount of mass per unit volume

Question 21

What is the formula for density

Answer 21

Mass divided by the volume (m/v)

Question 22

The best unit for density for solids is _____

The best unit for density for liquids is _____

Answer 22

g/cm³

g/mL

Question 23

What is Tera?

Answer 23

T
1×10¹²

Question 24

What is giga?

Answer 24

G
1×10⁹

Question 25

What is mega?

Answer 25

M 1×10⁶

Question 26

What is kilo?

Answer 26

k 1×10³

Question 27

What is hecto?

Answer 27

h 1×10²

Question 28

What is deka?

Answer 28

da 1×10¹

Question 29

What is deci

Answer 29

d 1×10-¹

Question 30

What is centi

Answer 30

c 1×10-²

Question 31

What is milli

Answer 31

m 1×10-³

Question 32

What is micro?

Answer 32

µ 1×10-⁶

Question 33

What is nano?

Answer 33

n 1×10-⁹

Question 34

What is pico?

Answer 34

p 1×10-¹²

Question 35

Define accuracy

Answer 35

How close measurements are to a target (accepted value)

Question 36

Define precision

Answer 36

How close measurements are to one another.

Question 37

What is the equation for percent error?

Answer 37

|experimental value - accepted value| ___________________________________ ×100 accepted value

Question 38

What do significant figures indicate?

Answer 38

The precision of a measurement

Question 39

List the three rules for which digits are significant.

Answer 39

1. Any non zero numbers 2. Zeros between non zero numbers. 3. Any final zeros to the right of a decimal.

Question 40

Do a place holder zeros count as significant figures?

Answer 40

NO

Question 41

If the digit to the right of the last significant figure is greater than 5 round ____

Answer 41

Up

Question 42

If the digit to the right of the last significant figure is less than 5 round _____

Answer 42

Down

Question 43

If the digit to the right of the last significant figure is equal to 5 and the next digit is nonzero round ____

Answer 43

Up

Question 44

Round ____ if the last significant figure is odd

Answer 44

Up

Question 45

Round _____ if the last significant figure is even

Answer 45

Down

Question 46

When adding or subtracting significant figures, count the number of spaces after the ______ for each value. Should match the lowest one

Answer 46

Decimal

Question 47

When multiplying or dividing significant figures, count the number of __________ for each value. Should match the lowest one.

Answer 47

Significant figures