Chapter 2: Science of human movement

Question 1

Kinesiology

Answer 1

Study of human movement

Question 2

Biomechanics

Answer 2

physics term involving the study of how forces affect a living body

Question 3

ground reaction force

Answer 3

equal and opposite external force that is exerted back into the body by the ground

Question 4

quantitative analysis

Answer 4

taking ohysical measurements and making mathematical computations to reach a conclusion

Question 5

qualitative analysis

Answer 5

applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an educated evaluation

Question 6

joint motion

Answer 6

movement in a plane occurs around an axis running perpendicular to that plane

Question 7

sagittal

Answer 7

bisects body into right and left halves.
flexion/extension
coronal

Question 8

frontal

Answer 8

bisects body into front and back halves with frontal plane motion occuring around an anterior-posterior axis
Adduction/Abduction, lateral flexion, eversion/inversion
Anterior posterior

Question 9

transverse

Answer 9

bisects body to create upper and lower halves. occurs around a longitudinal or vertical axis
Internal/External rotation, left/right spinal rotation, horizontal adduction/abduction
longitudinal

Question 10

Flexion

Answer 10

occurs when the relative angle between two adjacent segments decrease

Question 11

Extenstion

Answer 11

occurs when the relative angle between two adjacent sgments increases

Question 12

abduction

Answer 12

movement away from the midline of the body or

Question 13

adduction

Answer 13

movement of the segment toward the midline of the body

Question 14

medial-lateral axis

Answer 14

line that cuts through the body laterally from side to side

Question 15

anterior-posterior

Answer 15

line that cuts through the body from front to back

Question 16

longitudinal axis

Answer 16

line that cuts through body from top to bottom

Question 17

plumb line

Answer 17

a vertical line of reference consisting of a cord with plumb bob attached to one end

Question 18

concentric

Answer 18

developing tension while a muscle is shortening; negative

Question 19

eccentric

Answer 19

developing tension while a muscle is lengthing; positive

Question 20

isometric

Answer 20

when the contractile force is equal to the resistive force

Question 21

force

Answer 21

influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object

Question 22

mass

Answer 22

amount of matter in an object

Question 23

matter

Answer 23

substance that takes up space

Question 24

acceleration

Answer 24

speed of an object

Question 25

weight

Answer 25

amount of force that gravity has on the body

Question 26

gravity

Answer 26

force that accelerates an object or mass downward towawrds the earth

Question 27

length-tension relationship

Answer 27

resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

Question 28

force-velocity curve

Answer 28

relationship of the muscles ability to produce tension at differing shortneing velocities

Question 29

arthrokinematics

Answer 29

joint motion

Question 30

class 1 lever

Answer 30

fulcrum between force and load | teeter totter

Question 31

class 2 lever

Answer 31

load between the force and the fulcrum | wheelbarrow

Question 32

class 3 lever

Answer 32

have the pull between the load and the fulcrum | lifting a shovel

Question 33

rotary motion

Answer 33

movement of the bones around the joints

Question 34

torque

Answer 34

force that produces rotation

Question 35

agonists

Answer 35

muscles that act as the prime movers

Question 36

antagonists

Answer 36

muscles that act in direct opposition to prime movers

Question 37

synergists

Answer 37

muscles that assist prime movers during functional movement patterns

Question 38

stabilizers

Answer 38

muscles that support or stabilize the body while the prime movers and ther snergists perform the movement patterns

Question 39

skeletal muscle

Answer 39

allows the bodt to remain upright, move its limbs and absorb shock from external forces

Question 40

neruomuscular system

Answer 40

combined system of the nervous and muscular systems

Question 41

extensibility

Answer 41

ability of being stretched or lengthened

Question 42

elasticity

Answer 42

muscles ability to return to normal or resting length after being stretched

Question 43

irritability

Answer 43

muscles can respond to a stimulus

Question 44

contraction

Answer 44

activation of a force within a muscle to produce an action at a joint

Question 45

local musculature system(stabilization)

Answer 45

muscles stabilize the spine to allow the rest of the body a steady place to produce force from transverse abdomis, multifidus, internal oblique, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles

Question 46

global muscular system(movement)

Answer 46

responsible for movement and consist of more superficial musculature rectus abdomis, external oblique, erector spinae, hamstrings, gluteus maximas, latissimus dorsi, adductors, hamstrings, quads, gastrocnemius

Question 47

motor behavior

Answer 47

motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

Question 48

motor control

Answer 48

how the cns integrates internal and external sensory info with previous experience to produce a motor response

Question 49

motor learning

Answer 49

the integration of motor control processes with practice and experience that leads to relatively permanent changes in the bodys capacity to produce skilled movements

Question 50

motor development

Answer 50

the change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifetime

Question 51

motor unit discharge rate

Answer 51

the rate at which motor neurons discharg action potentials. also referred to as rate coding

Question 52

sensory info

Answer 52

Data the cns receives from sensory receptors to determine things as enviroment, temp, texture, etc

Question 53

proprioception

Answer 53

cumilative nerural input from sensory affernets to CNS | from of sensory info

Question 54

sensorimotor integration

Answer 54

ability of cns to gather and interpret sensory info to execute the proper motor response

Question 55

internal feedback

Answer 55

sensory info provided by the body via length tension relationships, force couple, and joint motion to monitor movement and environment

Question 56

external feeback

Answer 56

info provided by external source

Question 57

knowledge of results

Answer 57

feedback used after the completeion of a movement to help inform the athlete about the outcome of his performance

Question 58

knowledge of performance

Answer 58

feedback that provides info about the quality of the movement of exercise