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Sports Centered Training > Chapter 2: Science of human movement > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Science of human movement Flashcards

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Sports Trivia flashcards
1
Q

Kinesiology

A

Study of human movement

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2
Q

Biomechanics

A

physics term involving the study of how forces affect a living body

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3
Q

ground reaction force

A

equal and opposite external force that is exerted back into the body by the ground

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4
Q

quantitative analysis

A

taking ohysical measurements and making mathematical computations to reach a conclusion

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5
Q

qualitative analysis

A

applying principles of proper technique and combining them with observations in order to make an educated evaluation

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6
Q

joint motion

A

movement in a plane occurs around an axis running perpendicular to that plane

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7
Q

sagittal

A

bisects body into right and left halves.
flexion/extension
coronal

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8
Q

frontal

A

bisects body into front and back halves with frontal plane motion occuring around an anterior-posterior axis
Adduction/Abduction, lateral flexion, eversion/inversion
Anterior posterior

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9
Q

transverse

A

bisects body to create upper and lower halves. occurs around a longitudinal or vertical axis
Internal/External rotation, left/right spinal rotation, horizontal adduction/abduction
longitudinal

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10
Q

Flexion

A

occurs when the relative angle between two adjacent segments decrease

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11
Q

Extenstion

A

occurs when the relative angle between two adjacent sgments increases

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12
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body or

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13
Q

adduction

A

movement of the segment toward the midline of the body

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14
Q

medial-lateral axis

A

line that cuts through the body laterally from side to side

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15
Q

anterior-posterior

A

line that cuts through the body from front to back

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16
Q

longitudinal axis

A

line that cuts through body from top to bottom

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17
Q

plumb line

A

a vertical line of reference consisting of a cord with plumb bob attached to one end

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18
Q

concentric

A

developing tension while a muscle is shortening; negative

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19
Q

eccentric

A

developing tension while a muscle is lengthing; positive

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20
Q

isometric

A

when the contractile force is equal to the resistive force

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21
Q

force

A

influence applied by one object to another, which results in an acceleration or deceleration of the second object

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22
Q

mass

A

amount of matter in an object

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23
Q

matter

A

substance that takes up space

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24
Q

acceleration

A

speed of an object

25
Q

weight

A

amount of force that gravity has on the body

26
Q

gravity

A

force that accelerates an object or mass downward towawrds the earth

27
Q

length-tension relationship

A

resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length

28
Q

force-velocity curve

A

relationship of the muscles ability to produce tension at differing shortneing velocities

29
Q

arthrokinematics

A

joint motion

30
Q

class 1 lever

A

fulcrum between force and load

teeter totter

31
Q

class 2 lever

A

load between the force and the fulcrum

wheelbarrow

32
Q

class 3 lever

A

have the pull between the load and the fulcrum

lifting a shovel

33
Q

rotary motion

A

movement of the bones around the joints

34
Q

torque

A

force that produces rotation

35
Q

agonists

A

muscles that act as the prime movers

36
Q

antagonists

A

muscles that act in direct opposition to prime movers

37
Q

synergists

A

muscles that assist prime movers during functional movement patterns

38
Q

stabilizers

A

muscles that support or stabilize the body while the prime movers and ther snergists perform the movement patterns

39
Q

skeletal muscle

A

allows the bodt to remain upright, move its limbs and absorb shock from external forces

40
Q

neruomuscular system

A

combined system of the nervous and muscular systems

41
Q

extensibility

A

ability of being stretched or lengthened

42
Q

elasticity

A

muscles ability to return to normal or resting length after being stretched

43
Q

irritability

A

muscles can respond to a stimulus

44
Q

contraction

A

activation of a force within a muscle to produce an action at a joint

45
Q

local musculature system(stabilization)

A

muscles stabilize the spine to allow the rest of the body a steady place to produce force from
transverse abdomis, multifidus, internal oblique, diaphragm, pelvic floor muscles

46
Q

global muscular system(movement)

A

responsible for movement and consist of more superficial musculature
rectus abdomis, external oblique, erector spinae, hamstrings, gluteus maximas, latissimus dorsi, adductors, hamstrings, quads, gastrocnemius

47
Q

motor behavior

A

motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli

48
Q

motor control

A

how the cns integrates internal and external sensory info with previous experience to produce a motor response

49
Q

motor learning

A

the integration of motor control processes with practice and experience that leads to relatively permanent changes in the bodys capacity to produce skilled movements

50
Q

motor development

A

the change in motor skill behavior over time throughout the lifetime

51
Q

motor unit discharge rate

A

the rate at which motor neurons discharg action potentials. also referred to as rate coding

52
Q

sensory info

A

Data the cns receives from sensory receptors to determine things as enviroment, temp, texture, etc

53
Q

proprioception

A

cumilative nerural input from sensory affernets to CNS

from of sensory info

54
Q

sensorimotor integration

A

ability of cns to gather and interpret sensory info to execute the proper motor response

55
Q

internal feedback

A

sensory info provided by the body via length tension relationships, force couple, and joint motion to monitor movement and environment

56
Q

external feeback

A

info provided by external source

57
Q

knowledge of results

A

feedback used after the completeion of a movement to help inform the athlete about the outcome of his performance

58
Q

knowledge of performance

A

feedback that provides info about the quality of the movement of exercise

Sports Centered Training (16 decks)

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