CHAPTER 2: Research Ethics Flashcards
are a framework of values within which we conduct research.
Research ethics
helps researchers identify actions we consider good and bad and explain the principles by which we make responsible decisions in actual situations.
Ethics
we create them using reason, logic and evidence.
Constructivism
Composed of laypeople and researchers, evaluate research proposal to make sure that they follow ethical standards.
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Their first task is to decide whether a proposed study increases participants’ risk of injury since psychological research can cause physical and/or psychological discomfort.
IRBs
is a comparison between the risks of a situation and its benefits. It’s used to figure out whether a course of action is worth taking or if the risks are too high.
Risk/benefit analysis
proposed three important reasons why poorly designed research can be unethical.
Robert Rosenthal (1994)
means that the subject agrees to participate after having been fully informed about the nature of the study.
Inform Consent
Researchers must give subjects full explanation of the procedure to be followed and offer to answer any questions about them.
Researchers must make clear the potential risks and benefits of the experiment.
a statement of government policy on research involving human subjects.
- three basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
Belmont Report
provide extra protection for the vulnerable populations. (Tasaday - Marcos - Stone Age - Hoax)
Respect for Person
obligation to minimize risk and maximize possible benefits to individuals (Standford prison experiment)
Beneficence
refers to the fairness in both burden and benefits of the research.
- Research subjects must come from the group most likely to reap the benefits.
Justice
may not be used to minimize the participants perception of risk or exaggerate their perception of potential benefits.
Diception
or agreement of minor children ages 7 and above is usually a requirement of their participation.
Assent
formed the basis of today’s ethical standards.
The Nuremberg Code of 1947
is an experimenter’s accomplice.
Confederate
this is to protect the privacy of research participants. The subjects are not identified by name.
Anonymity and Confidentiality
the concept that all senate species that feel pain are of equal value and have rights.
Animal Rights
The humane care and treatment of animals.
Animal Welfare
to evaluate animal research before it can be conducted.
Institutional animal care and committee (IASCUCO)
the likelihood of a subject being harmed in some way because of the nature of the research.
At risk
A social movement dedicated to the advancement of the interests and rights of non-human animals, consisting of theorists and activists.
Animal Liberation by Peter Singer.
the principle of full disclosure at the end of an experiment; that is, exampling to the subject the nature and purpose of the study.
Debriefing
the unethical practice of falsifying or fabricating data.
Fraud
Misinterpreting someone’s ideas, words, or written work as your own. Plagiarism is a form of fraud , in which an individual claims false credit for another’s ideas, words or written work.
Plagiarism
