CHAPTER 2: Research Ethics

Question 1

are a framework of values within which we conduct research.

Answer 1

Research ethics

Question 2

helps researchers identify actions we consider good and bad and explain the principles by which we make responsible decisions in actual situations.

Answer 2

Ethics

Question 3

we create them using reason, logic and evidence.

Answer 3

Constructivism

Question 4

Composed of laypeople and researchers, evaluate research proposal to make sure that they follow ethical standards.

Answer 4

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Question 5

Their first task is to decide whether a proposed study increases participants’ risk of injury since psychological research can cause physical and/or psychological discomfort.

Answer 5

IRBs

Question 6

is a comparison between the risks of a situation and its benefits. It’s used to figure out whether a course of action is worth taking or if the risks are too high.

Answer 6

Risk/benefit analysis

Question 7

proposed three important reasons why poorly designed research can be unethical.

Answer 7

Robert Rosenthal (1994)

Question 8

means that the subject agrees to participate after having been fully informed about the nature of the study.

Answer 8

Inform Consent

Question 9

Researchers must give subjects full explanation of the procedure to be followed and offer to answer any questions about them.

Answer 9

Researchers must make clear the potential risks and benefits of the experiment.

Question 10

a statement of government policy on research involving human subjects.

• three basic ethical principles: respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.

Answer 10

Belmont Report

Question 11

provide extra protection for the vulnerable populations. (Tasaday - Marcos - Stone Age - Hoax)

Answer 11

Respect for Person

Question 12

obligation to minimize risk and maximize possible benefits to individuals (Standford prison experiment)

Answer 12

Beneficence

Question 13

refers to the fairness in both burden and benefits of the research.

• Research subjects must come from the group most likely to reap the benefits.

Answer 13

Justice

Question 14

may not be used to minimize the participants perception of risk or exaggerate their perception of potential benefits.

Answer 14

Diception

Question 15

or agreement of minor children ages 7 and above is usually a requirement of their participation.

Answer 15

Assent

Question 16

formed the basis of today’s ethical standards.

Answer 16

The Nuremberg Code of 1947

Question 17

is an experimenter’s accomplice.

Answer 17

Confederate

Question 18

this is to protect the privacy of research participants. The subjects are not identified by name.

Answer 18

Anonymity and Confidentiality

Question 19

the concept that all senate species that feel pain are of equal value and have rights.

Answer 19

Animal Rights

Question 20

The humane care and treatment of animals.

Answer 20

Animal Welfare

Question 21

to evaluate animal research before it can be conducted.

Answer 21

Institutional animal care and committee (IASCUCO)

Question 22

the likelihood of a subject being harmed in some way because of the nature of the research.

Answer 22

At risk

Question 23

A social movement dedicated to the advancement of the interests and rights of non-human animals, consisting of theorists and activists.

Answer 23

Animal Liberation by Peter Singer.

Question 24

the principle of full disclosure at the end of an experiment; that is, exampling to the subject the nature and purpose of the study.

Answer 24

Debriefing

Question 25

the unethical practice of falsifying or fabricating data.

Answer 25

Fraud

Question 26

Misinterpreting someone’s ideas, words, or written work as your own. Plagiarism is a form of fraud , in which an individual claims false credit for another’s ideas, words or written work.

Answer 26

Plagiarism