Chapter 2: Putting the Picture Together Flashcards
Agency theory
emphasizes the interaction between the agency of individuals and social structure
Archaeological theory
ideas that archaeologists have developed about the past and about the ways we come to know the past
New/Processual Archaeology
based firmly on scientific method and supported by a united effort aimed at the development of theory
Induction
drawing general inferences on the basis of available empirical data thought by old archaeologists
Deduction
drawing particular inferences from general laws and models thought by new archaeologists
Postprocessual Archaeology
Ian Hodder argues archaeologists should imitate historians in interpreting the past
Etic
does not attempt to adopt the perspective of the members of the culture that is being studied
Emic
attempts to understand the meanings people attach to their actions and culture
Evolutionary Archaeology
stresses the importance of evolutionary theory as an unifying theory for archaeology
Feminist Archaeology
the way archaeologists study and represent gender and that brings attention to gender inequities in the practice of archaeology
Hermeneutics
a theory of interpretation that stresses the interaction between the presuppositions we bring to a problem and the independent empirical reality of our observations and experiences
Middle-range research
investigates processes that can be observed in the present and that can serve as a point of reference to test hypotheses about the past
Systems theory
views society as an interconnected network of interacting elements
National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), Section 106
the legislation that regulates cultural resource management archaeology
Paleolithic
- the period in which humans lived with now-extinct animals
- aka the Old Stone Age
Neolithic
- the period in which there are polished stone tools
- aka the New Stone Age
Three-Age system
the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age—based on the material of manufacture
Thunderstones
objects such as ground stone axes that people in medieval Europe believed were formed in spots where lightning struck the earth
Faunal Analysts - quiz 3
- aka zooarchaeologists/archaeozoologists
- study animal bones found on archaeological sites
- combine precise recovery and detailed observation with a knowledge of animal biology and behaviour to provide critical insight into the archaeological record
Ability of Faunal Analysts
recognize the species of animal from the scraps of bone that survive in the archaeological record
