Chapter 10: Complexity Without the State

Question 1

Stonehenge

Answer 1

• a ring of massive standing stones on the Salisbury Plain, England, that was constructed from the Early Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age
• built by people living in chiefdoms

Question 2

Bluestones

Answer 2

• a ring of standing stones at the center of Stonehenge
• the source of the stones is over 240 kilometers from Stonehenge

Question 3

Sarsen Circle

Answer 3

a circle of massive upright sandstone blocks capped with lintels set up in the central area of Stonehenge

Question 4

Durrington Walls

Answer 4

• on the Avon River near Stonehenge with three monumental timber circles and evidence of occupation
• a feasting site bc no animal baby bones

Question 5

Amesbury Archer Burial

Answer 5

a burial with a range of elite burial goods found near Stonehenge

Question 6

Julian Thomas said…

Answer 6

“Stonehenge never had a meaning”

Question 7

Chaco Canyon

Answer 7

a canyon in New Mexico that became the center of a regional settlement network and the site of the construction of large, multistoried structures, known as Great Houses

Question 8

Pueblo Bonito

Answer 8

• the largest Great House in Chaco Canyon with a 650-room complex
• either an elite residence or a ceremonial centre

Question 9

Kivas Chambers

Answer 9

subterranean (underground) circular chambers found on sites in the American Southwest

Question 10

Chacoan Network

Answer 10

• a road system that links Chaco Canyon with sites covering a large part of what is today the Four Corners region of the American Southwest
• ran bc taxes collected by higher authority
• or was central to religious ceremonies and rituals

Question 11

Cahokia

Answer 11

a large settlement dating to the Mississippian Period located just outside of St. Louis

Question 12

Monk’s Mound Pyramid

Answer 12

a massive earthen pyramid occupying the core of the ancient settlement of Cahokia in Mississippian Period outside of St. Louis

Question 13

Grand Plaza

Answer 13

an artificially cleared and leveled area at the core of Cahokia located just to the south of Monk’s Mound

Question 14

Mound 72

Answer 14

a mound at Cahokia where excavation uncovered an individual buried on a bird-shaped platform made of shells and sacrificial victims

Question 15

Great Zimbabwe

Answer 15

• a large settlement in modern Zimbabwe that includes the remains of impressive stone enclosures and was built between a.d. 1300 and a.d. 1450
• traded with Iran and China

Question 16

Dhaka

Answer 16

a mixture of clay and gravel that was used for building huts

Question 17

Mapungubwe

Answer 17

a predecessor to Great Zimbabwe; located in South Africa, it features an elite residence situated within a walled compound