Chapter 2: Psychological Research

Question 1

________ research uses past records or data sets to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships.

Answer 1

archival

Question 2

A major advantage of case studies is ________.

Answer 2

detailed information

Question 3

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?

Answer 3

It is complex.

Question 4

Ethics need to be considered when ________ scientific research.

Answer 4

designing, conducting, and reviewing

Question 5

The scientific process is ________, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning.

Answer 5

circular

Question 6

________ research studies the same groups of participants over time.

Answer 6

longitudinal

Question 7

Krista and Tatiana Hogan are participants in a(n) ________ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.

Answer 7

case study

Question 8

________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time.

Answer 8

attrition

Question 9

A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.

Answer 9

longitudinal

Question 10

________ means that there is a relationship between two or more variables.

Answer 10

correlation

Question 11

Trephination is the ________.

Answer 11

procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape

Question 12

Which of the following statements is not a hypothesis?

Answer 12

Anxiety disorders are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental influences.

Question 13

Research on ________ subjects must always involve ________.

Answer 13

human; obtaining informed consent

Question 14

Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?

Answer 14

They could research peer-reviewed articles to see if either perspective is supported.

Question 15

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study was ethically problematic because ________.

Answer 15

participants were not allowed to seek available treatment

Question 16

One hundred introductory psychology students are surveyed about their intended majors. The results indicate that more women than men intend to pursue a psychology major, whereas more men than women intend to pursue a history major. What do these results indicate?

Answer 16

There is a relationship between gender and intended major.

Question 17

Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer than those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ________.

Answer 17

there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer

Question 18

________ is/are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail.

Answer 18

surveys

Question 19

A(n) ________ case study is conducted by gathering detailed information about participants who are psychological patients.

Answer 19

clinical

Question 20

________ are subjects of psychological research.

Answer 20

participants