Chapter 2 - Principles of Fitness - Terms & Definitions

Question 1

Physical Activity

Answer 1

Any body movement carried out by the skeletal muscles and requiring energy.

Question 2

Exercise

Answer 2

Planned, structured, repetitive movement of the body designed to improves or maintain physical fitness.

Question 3

Health-related fitness

Answer 3

Physical capacities that contribute to health: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.

Question 4

Cardiorespiratory endurance

Answer 4

The ability of the body to perform prolonged, large-muscle, dynamic exercise at moderate-to-high levels of intensity

Question 5

Muscular Strength

Answer 5

the amount of force a muscle can produce with a single maximum effort

Question 6

metabolism

Answer 6

the sum of all the vital processes by which food energy and nutrients are made available to and used by the body

Question 7

Muscular Endurance

Answer 7

the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to remain contracted or to contract repeatedly for a long period of time

Question 8

Flexibility

Answer 8

the range of motion in a joint or group of joints, flexibility is related to muscle length

Question 9

body composition

Answer 9

the proportion of fat and fat-free-mass (muscle, bone, and water) in the body

Question 10

fat-free mass

Answer 10

the nonfat component of the human body, consisting of skeletal muscle, bone and water

Question 11

skill-related fitness

Answer 11

physical capacities that contribute to performance in a sport or activity: speed, power, agility, balance, coordination, and reaction time

Question 12

physical training

Answer 12

the performance of different types of activities that cause the body to adapt and improve its level of fitness

Question 13

specificity

Answer 13

the training principle that the body adapts to the particular type and amount of stress placed on it

Question 14

progressive overload

Answer 14

the training principle that fitness improvements are lost when demands on the body are lowered

Question 15

exercise stress test

Answer 15

a test usually administered on a treadmill or cycle ergometer that involves analysis of the changes in electrical activity in te heart from an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) taken during exercise. Used to determine if any heart disease is present and to assess current fitness level.

Question 16

graded exercise test (GXT)

Answer 16

an exercise test that starts at an easy intensity and progresses to maximum capacity

Question 17

overtraining

Answer 17

a condition caused by training too much or too intensely, characterised by lack of energy, decreased physical performance, fatigue, depression, aching muscles and joints, and susceptibility to injury.