Chapter 11 - Cardiorespiratory Health - Terms & Definitions

Question 1

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

Answer 1

Disease of the heart and blood vessels

Question 2

High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) “GOOD” cholesterol

Answer 2

Blood fats that help transport cholesterol out of the arteries thereby protecting against heart diseases.

Question 3

Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) - “BAD” Cholesterol

Answer 3

Blood fats that transport cholesterol to organs and tissues; excess amounts result in the accumulation of deposits on artery walls

Question 4

Platelets

Answer 4

microscopic disk-shaped cell fragments in the blood that disintegrate on contact with foreign objects ad release chemicals necessary for the formation of blood clots.

Question 5

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)

Answer 5

Smoke that enters the atmosphere from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, as well as smoke that is exhaled by smokers; also called secondhand smoke.

Question 6

Hypertension

Answer 6

sustained abnormally high blood pressure

Question 7

atherosclerosis

Answer 7

Cardiovascular disease in which the inner layers of artery walls are made think and irregular by deposits of fatty substance; the internal channels of the arteries thus become narrowed, and blood supply is reduced

Question 8

Lipoproteins

Answer 8

blood fats formed in the liver that carry cholesterol throughout the body

Question 9

Glycemic index (GI)

Answer 9

a measure of how high and how fast a particular food raises blood glucose levels

Question 10

Glycemic Load

Answer 10

A measure of how a particular food affects blood glucose levels, calculated by multiplying the glycemic index of a food by its carbohydrate content.

Question 11

Plaque

Answer 11

A deposit of fatty ( and other) substances on the inner wall of the arteries

Question 12

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Answer 12

Heart disease caused by hardening of the arteries that supple oxygen to the heart muscle; also called coronary artery disease

Question 13

Heart Attack

Answer 13

Damage to, or death of, heart muscle, sometimes resulting in a failure of the heart to deliver enough blood to the body; also known as myocardial infarction (MI)

Question 14

Angina pectoris

Answer 14

A condition in which the heart muscle does not receive enough blood, causing sever pain in the chest and often in the left arm and shoulder

Question 15

Arrhythmia

Answer 15

An irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat

Question 16

Sudden Cardiac Death

Answer 16

A non-traumatic, unexpected death from sudden cardia arrest, most often due to arrhythmia; in most instances, victims have underlying heart disease.

Question 17

Stroke

Answer 17

an impeded blood supply to some part of the brain resulting in the destruction of brain cells; also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Question 18

Rheumatic Fever

Answer 18

A disease, mainly of children, characterized by fever, inflammation, and pain in the joints; often damages the heart muscle, a condition called rheumatic heart disease.

Question 19

Congestive heart failure

Answer 19

a condition resulting form the heart’s inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it. Blood backs up in the veins leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the body.